biostudies-literatureUnknown17(2)Mazeraud ASeptic-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a key manifestation of sepsis, ranging from delirium to coma and occurring in up to 70% of patients admitted to the ICU. SAE is associated with higher ICU and hospital mortality, and also with poorer long-term outcomes, including cognitive and functional outcomes. The pathophysiology of SAE is complex, and it may involve neurotransmitter dysfunction, inflammatory and ischemic lesions to the brain, microglial activation, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Delirium (which is included in the SAE spectrum) is mostly diagnosed with validated scales in the ICU population. There is no established treatment for SAE; benzodiazepines should generally be avoided in this setting. Nonpharmacological prevention and management is key for treating SAE; it includNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics392-403https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7283452biostudies-literatureSeptic-Associated Encephalopathy: a Comprehensive Review.PMC7283452Mazeraud ABozza FABouchereau EBenghanem SSharshar TRighy CfalseSeptic-Associated Encephalopathy: a Comprehensive Review.Septic-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a key manifestation of sepsis, ranging from delirium to coma and occurring in up to 70% of patients admitted to the ICU. SAE is associated with higher ICU and hospital mortality, and also with poorer long-term outcomes, including cognitive and functional outcomes. The pathophysiology of SAE is complex, and it may involve neurotransmitter dysfunction, inflammatory and ischemic lesions to the brain, microglial activation, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Delirium (which is included in the SAE spectrum) is mostly diagnosed with validated scales in the ICU population. There is no established treatment for SAE; benzodiazepines should generally be avoided in this setting. Nonpharmacological prevention and management is key for treating SAE; it includ2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 Apr2025-04-22T00:48:17.783Z2022-02-09T10:13:16.385ZS-EPMC72834523237802610.1007/s13311-020-00862-1