biostudies-literatureUnknown75(2)Robinson RL<h4>Background</h4>Costs associated with early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD; mild cognitive impairment [MCI] and mild dementia [MILD]) are understudied.<h4>Objective</h4>To compare costs associated with MCI and MILD due to AD in the United States.<h4>Methods</h4>Data included baseline patient/study partner medical history, healthcare resource utilization, and outcome assessments as part of a prospective cohort study. Direct, indirect, and total societal costs were derived by applying standardized unit costs to resources for the 1-month pre-baseline period (USD2017). Costs/month for MCI and MILD cohorts were compared using analysis of variance models. To strengthen the confidence of diagnosis, amyloid-β (Aβ) tests were included and analyses were replicated stratifying within each cohort by amyloid status [+ /-].<h4>Results</h4>Patients (N = 1327) with MILD versus MCI had higher total societal costs/month ($4243 versus $2816; p < 0.001). These costs were not significantly different within each severity cohort by amyloid status. The largest fraction of overall costs were informal caregiver costs (45.1%) for the MILD cohort, whereas direct medical patient costs were the largest for the MCI cohort (39.0%). Correspondingly, caregiver time spent on basic activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs, and supervision time was twice as high for MILD versus MCI (all p < 0.001).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Early AD poses a financial burden, and despite higher functioning among those with MCI, caregivers were significantly impacted. The major cost driver was the patient's clinical cognitive-functional status and not amyloid status. Differences were primarily due to rising need for caregiver support.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD437-450https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7306889biostudies-literatureCosts of Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease in the United States: Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study (GERAS-US)1.PMC7306889Schwartz RLRobinson RLZagar ABruemmer VAndrews JSKim YYe WFillit HMRentz DMfalseCosts of Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease in the United States: Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study (GERAS-US)1.<h4>Background</h4>Costs associated with early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD; mild cognitive impairment [MCI] and mild dementia [MILD]) are understudied.<h4>Objective</h4>To compare costs associated with MCI and MILD due to AD in the United States.<h4>Methods</h4>Data included baseline patient/study partner medical history, healthcare resource utilization, and outcome assessments as part of a prospective cohort study. Direct, indirect, and total societal costs were derived by applying standardized unit costs to resources for the 1-month pre-baseline period (USD2017). Costs/month for MCI and MILD cohorts were compared using analysis of variance models. To strengthen the confidence of diagnosis, amyloid-β (Aβ) tests were included and analyses were replicated stratifying within each cohort by amyloid status [+ /-].<h4>Results</h4>Patients (N = 1327) with MILD versus MCI had higher total societal costs/month ($4243 versus $2816; p < 0.001). These costs were not significantly different within each severity cohort by amyloid status. The largest fraction of overall costs were informal caregiver costs (45.1%) for the MILD cohort, whereas direct medical patient costs were the largest for the MCI cohort (39.0%). Correspondingly, caregiver time spent on basic activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs, and supervision time was twice as high for MILD versus MCI (all p < 0.001).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Early AD poses a financial burden, and despite higher functioning among those with MCI, caregivers were significantly impacted. The major cost driver was the patient's clinical cognitive-functional status and not amyloid status. Differences were primarily due to rising need for caregiver support.2020-01-01T00:00:00Z20202026-04-30T11:57:13.709Z2020-06-27T07:27:37ZS-EPMC73068893225030410.3233/JAD-191212