biostudies-literatureHan FHuman Connectome ProjectNIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research16 NIH Institutes and CentersMcDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience at Washington UniversityNIMH NIH HHSNINDS NIH HHSNational Institutes of Health116853https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7311192biostudies-literatureUnknown215An essential task of neuroscience is to elucidate the relationship between brain activity, brain structure, and human behavior. This study aims to understand this 3-way relationship by studying the population covariance of resting-state functional connectivity, cortical thickness, and behavioral/demographic measures in a large cohort of individuals. Using a data-driven canonical correlation analysis, we found that maximal pairwise correlations between the three modalities are approximately along the same direction across subjects, which is characterized by the change of the overall positive-negative trait of human behavior. More importantly, this behavioral change is associated with a divergent modulation of both resting-state connectivity and cortical thickness across cortical hierarchiesNeuroImageNeuroimaging contrast across the cortical hierarchy is the feature maximally linked to behavior and demographics.PMC7311192K99/R00 5R00NS092996-031U54MH091657U54 MH091657R00 NS092996Liu XBrown GLGu YZhang XHan FfalseNeuroimaging contrast across the cortical hierarchy is the feature maximally linked to behavior and demographics.An essential task of neuroscience is to elucidate the relationship between brain activity, brain structure, and human behavior. This study aims to understand this 3-way relationship by studying the population covariance of resting-state functional connectivity, cortical thickness, and behavioral/demographic measures in a large cohort of individuals. Using a data-driven canonical correlation analysis, we found that maximal pairwise correlations between the three modalities are approximately along the same direction across subjects, which is characterized by the change of the overall positive-negative trait of human behavior. More importantly, this behavioral change is associated with a divergent modulation of both resting-state connectivity and cortical thickness across cortical hierarchies2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 Jul2025-04-03T23:44:13.433Z2022-02-10T19:38:57.88ZS-EPMC73111923230276510.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116853