biostudies-literatureUnknown8(1)Keam SPPeter MacCallum FoundationCancer Council VictoriaVictorian Cancer AgencyNational Health and Medical Research CouncilProstate Cancer Foundation<h4>Background</h4>Prostate cancer (PCa) has a profoundly immunosuppressive microenvironment and is commonly immune excluded with few infiltrative lymphocytes and low levels of immune activation. High-dose radiation has been demonstrated to stimulate the immune system in various human solid tumors. We hypothesized that localized radiation therapy, in the form of high dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT), would overcome immune suppression in PCa.<h4>Methods</h4>To investigate whether HDRBT altered prostate immune context, we analyzed preradiation versus postradiation human tissue from a cohort of 24 patients with localized PCa that received HDRBT as primary treatment (RadBank cohort). We performed Nanostring immune gene expression profiling, digital spatial profiling, and high-throughput immune Journal for immunotherapy of cancere000792https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7319782biostudies-literatureHigh dose-rate brachytherapy of localized prostate cancer converts tumors from cold to hot.PMC7319782Sandhu SKeam SPHalse HCaramia FNguyen TNeeson PJVan Kooten Losio NDarcy PKWang MByrne DJRyland GBlombery PHaupt YMitchell CWilliams SGHaupt SfalseHigh dose-rate brachytherapy of localized prostate cancer converts tumors from cold to hot.<h4>Background</h4>Prostate cancer (PCa) has a profoundly immunosuppressive microenvironment and is commonly immune excluded with few infiltrative lymphocytes and low levels of immune activation. High-dose radiation has been demonstrated to stimulate the immune system in various human solid tumors. We hypothesized that localized radiation therapy, in the form of high dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT), would overcome immune suppression in PCa.<h4>Methods</h4>To investigate whether HDRBT altered prostate immune context, we analyzed preradiation versus postradiation human tissue from a cohort of 24 patients with localized PCa that received HDRBT as primary treatment (RadBank cohort). We performed Nanostring immune gene expression profiling, digital spatial profiling, and high-throughput immune 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 Jun2026-07-15T22:13:48.961Z2026-07-09T10:19:51.03ZS-EPMC73197823258106110.1136/jitc-2020-000792