biostudies-literatureGu Ythe International Cooperation Project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Programthe National Grant Program on key Infectious Disease509https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7362653biostudies-literatureUnknown20(1)<h4>Background</h4>Complete clearance of intracellular viruses depends on effector cells of innate and adaptive immune systems. This study aimed to identify the relationships among antiviral cytokines produced by natural killer (NK) and T cells and clinical-virological characteristics in untreated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.<h4>Methods</h4>We measured antiviral cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) produced by T, NK and natural killer T (NKT) cells, respectively, in a cohort with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB). We also correlated these cytokines with clinical-virological characteristics using a linear regression model.<h4>Results</h4>levels of IFN-γ⁺ and TNF-α⁺ CD4⁺ and CD8BMC infectious diseasesAssociation among cytokine profiles of innate and adaptive immune responses and clinical-virological features in untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B.PMC736265320162016040300212014ZX10002002-002Li JHuang YGu YHuang ZLian YChen LGu LZheng QWu YBi YfalseAssociation among cytokine profiles of innate and adaptive immune responses and clinical-virological features in untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B.<h4>Background</h4>Complete clearance of intracellular viruses depends on effector cells of innate and adaptive immune systems. This study aimed to identify the relationships among antiviral cytokines produced by natural killer (NK) and T cells and clinical-virological characteristics in untreated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.<h4>Methods</h4>We measured antiviral cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) produced by T, NK and natural killer T (NKT) cells, respectively, in a cohort with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB). We also correlated these cytokines with clinical-virological characteristics using a linear regression model.<h4>Results</h4>levels of IFN-γ⁺ and TNF-α⁺ CD4⁺ and CD82020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 Jul2025-04-04T20:16:15.763Z2025-04-04T20:16:15.763ZS-EPMC73626533266485010.1186/s12879-020-05233-x