biostudies-literatureAkhbari BNICHD NIH HHSNIAMS NIH HHSNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development2661-2670https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7376386biostudies-literatureUnknown37(12)The wrist can be considered a 2 degrees-of-freedom joint with all movements reflecting the combination of flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation. Wrist motions are accomplished by the kinematic reduction of the 42 degrees-of-freedom of the individual carpal bones. While previous studies have demonstrated the minimal motion of the scaphoid and lunate as the wrist moves along the dart-thrower's path or small relative motion between hamate-capitate-trapezoid, an understanding of the kinematics of the complete carpus across all wrist motions remains lacking. To address this, we assembled an open-source database of in vivo carpal motions and developed mathematical models of the carpal kinematics as a function of wrist motion. Quadratic surfaces were trained for each of the 42-carpal bone degrees-of-freedom and the goodness of fits were evaluated. Using the models, paths of wrist motion that generated minimal carpal rotations or translations were determined. Model predictions were best for flexion-extension, radial-ulnar deviation, and volar-dorsal translations for all carpal bones with R 2 ?>?0.8, while the estimates were least effective for supination-pronation with R 2 ?<?0.6. The wrist path of motion's analysis indicated that the distal row of carpal bones moves rigidly together (<3° motion), along the anatomical axis of wrist motion, while the bones in the proximal row undergo minimal motion when the wrist moves in a path oblique to the main axes. The open-source dataset along with its graphical user interface and mathematical models should facilitate clinical visualization and enable new studies of carpal kinematics and function. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2661-2670, 2019.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research SocietyPredicting Carpal Bone Kinematics Using an Expanded Digital Database of Wrist Carpal Bone Anatomy and Kinematics.PMC7376386R01 AR053648R01-AR053648R01 AR059185R01-AR044005R01-HD052127R01 AR044005R01-AR059185R01 HD052127Wolfe SWAkelman EMoore DCWeiss ACAkhbari BCrisco JJLaidlaw DHfalsePredicting Carpal Bone Kinematics Using an Expanded Digital Database of Wrist Carpal Bone Anatomy and Kinematics.The wrist can be considered a 2 degrees-of-freedom joint with all movements reflecting the combination of flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation. Wrist motions are accomplished by the kinematic reduction of the 42 degrees-of-freedom of the individual carpal bones. While previous studies have demonstrated the minimal motion of the scaphoid and lunate as the wrist moves along the dart-thrower's path or small relative motion between hamate-capitate-trapezoid, an understanding of the kinematics of the complete carpus across all wrist motions remains lacking. To address this, we assembled an open-source database of in vivo carpal motions and developed mathematical models of the carpal kinematics as a function of wrist motion. Quadratic surfaces were trained for each of the 42-carpal bone degrees-of-freedom and the goodness of fits were evaluated. Using the models, paths of wrist motion that generated minimal carpal rotations or translations were determined. Model predictions were best for flexion-extension, radial-ulnar deviation, and volar-dorsal translations for all carpal bones with R 2 ?>?0.8, while the estimates were least effective for supination-pronation with R 2 ?<?0.6. The wrist path of motion's analysis indicated that the distal row of carpal bones moves rigidly together (<3° motion), along the anatomical axis of wrist motion, while the bones in the proximal row undergo minimal motion when the wrist moves in a path oblique to the main axes. The open-source dataset along with its graphical user interface and mathematical models should facilitate clinical visualization and enable new studies of carpal kinematics and function. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2661-2670, 2019.2019-01-01T00:00:00Z2019 Dec2021-02-20T10:02:15Z2020-10-29T14:49:33ZS-EPMC73763863137899110.1002/jor.24435