biostudies-literatureFani Maleki ACIHR218https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7376735biostudies-literatureUnknown17(1)<h4>Background</h4>Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a component derived from minimal peptidoglycan motif from bacteria, and it is a ligand for the NOD2 receptor. Peripheral administration of MDP converts Ly6C^high into Ly6C^low monocytes. Previously, we have shown that Ly6C^low monocytes play crucial roles in the pathology of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, medications with mild immunomodulatory effects that solely target specific monocyte subsets, without triggering microglial activation, are rare.<h4>Methods</h4>Three months old APP_swe/PS1 transgenic male mice and age-matched C57BL/6 J mice were used for high frequency (2 times/week) over 6 months and low frequency (once a week) over 3 months of intraperitoneally MDP (10 mg/kg) adminJournal of neuroinflammationMuramyl dipeptide-mediated immunomodulation on monocyte subsets exerts therapeutic effects in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.PMC7376735331652Laflamme NPlante MMGosselin JRivest SCisbani GPrefontaine PFani Maleki AfalseMuramyl dipeptide-mediated immunomodulation on monocyte subsets exerts therapeutic effects in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.<h4>Background</h4>Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a component derived from minimal peptidoglycan motif from bacteria, and it is a ligand for the NOD2 receptor. Peripheral administration of MDP converts Ly6C^high into Ly6C^low monocytes. Previously, we have shown that Ly6C^low monocytes play crucial roles in the pathology of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, medications with mild immunomodulatory effects that solely target specific monocyte subsets, without triggering microglial activation, are rare.<h4>Methods</h4>Three months old APP_swe/PS1 transgenic male mice and age-matched C57BL/6 J mice were used for high frequency (2 times/week) over 6 months and low frequency (once a week) over 3 months of intraperitoneally MDP (10 mg/kg) admin2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 Jul2025-04-04T22:32:33.722Z2025-04-04T22:32:33.722ZS-EPMC73767353269882910.1186/s12974-020-01893-3