biostudies-literatureUnknown10(1)Ramay BMPaul G. Allen School for Global Animal HealthTo examine the effects of poor sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, we surveyed households in two rural and two urban communities in Guatemala (N = 196 randomly selected households). One adult (≥ 18-years old) and, when available, one child (≤ 5 years-old) provided a stool sample. Up to 48 presumptive Escherichia coli isolates were collected from each stool sample (n = 21,256 total) and were subjected to breakpoint assays for ten antibiotics. Mixed-effects logistic models were used to identify potential factors influencing the likelihood of harboring antibiotic-resistant bacteria. For nine out of ten antibiotics, the odds of detecting resistant bacteria decreased by ~ 32% (odds ratios, OR 0.53-0.8, P < 0.001) for every unit of improvement of a hygieScientific reports13767https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7426860biostudies-literatureAntibiotic use and hygiene interact to influence the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in low-income communities in Guatemala.PMC7426860Caudell MAJarquin COmulo SArchila LDAmram OCordon-Rosales CPalmer GHCall DRMcCracken JPRamay BMRosenkrantz LMoreno PfalseAntibiotic use and hygiene interact to influence the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in low-income communities in Guatemala.To examine the effects of poor sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, we surveyed households in two rural and two urban communities in Guatemala (N = 196 randomly selected households). One adult (≥ 18-years old) and, when available, one child (≤ 5 years-old) provided a stool sample. Up to 48 presumptive Escherichia coli isolates were collected from each stool sample (n = 21,256 total) and were subjected to breakpoint assays for ten antibiotics. Mixed-effects logistic models were used to identify potential factors influencing the likelihood of harboring antibiotic-resistant bacteria. For nine out of ten antibiotics, the odds of detecting resistant bacteria decreased by ~ 32% (odds ratios, OR 0.53-0.8, P < 0.001) for every unit of improvement of a hygie2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 Aug2026-07-15T23:20:39.974Z2026-07-09T10:20:39.6ZS-EPMC74268603279254310.1038/s41598-020-70741-4