biostudies-literatureDruet THorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS50https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7441635biostudies-literatureUnknown52(1)<h4>Background</h4>X-chromosomal loci present different inheritance patterns compared to autosomal loci and must be modeled accordingly. Sexual chromosomes are not systematically considered in whole-genome relationship matrices although rules based on genealogical or marker information have been derived. Loci on the X-chromosome could have a significant contribution to the additive genetic variance, in particular for some traits such as those related to reproduction. Thus, accounting for the X-chromosome relationship matrix might be informative to better understand the architecture of complex traits (e.g., by estimating the variance associated to this chromosome) and to improve their genomic prediction. For such applications, previous studies have shown the benefits of combining informatioGenetics, selection, evolution : GSETheoretical and empirical comparisons of expected and realized relationships for the X-chromosome.PMC7441635T.0080.20772787Legarra ADruet TfalseTheoretical and empirical comparisons of expected and realized relationships for the X-chromosome.<h4>Background</h4>X-chromosomal loci present different inheritance patterns compared to autosomal loci and must be modeled accordingly. Sexual chromosomes are not systematically considered in whole-genome relationship matrices although rules based on genealogical or marker information have been derived. Loci on the X-chromosome could have a significant contribution to the additive genetic variance, in particular for some traits such as those related to reproduction. Thus, accounting for the X-chromosome relationship matrix might be informative to better understand the architecture of complex traits (e.g., by estimating the variance associated to this chromosome) and to improve their genomic prediction. For such applications, previous studies have shown the benefits of combining informatio2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 Aug2025-04-27T02:55:57.824Z2020-08-29T07:27:59ZS-EPMC74416353281927210.1186/s12711-020-00570-6