biostudies-literatureUnknownSong ENCATS NIH HHSNIAID NIH HHSNIMH NIH HHSNINDS NIH HHSNCI NIH HHSNIGMS NIH HHSNIH HHSOne third of COVID-19 patients develop significant neurological symptoms, yet SARS-CoV-2 is rarely detected in central nervous system (CNS) tissue, suggesting a potential role for parainfectious processes, including neuroimmune responses. We therefore examined immune parameters in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from a cohort of patients with COVID-19 and significant neurological complications. We found divergent immunological responses in the CNS compartment, including increased levels of IL-12 and IL-12-associated innate and adaptive immune cell activation. Moreover, we found increased proportions of B cells in the CSF relative to the periphery and evidence of clonal expansion of CSF B cells, suggesting a divergent intrathecal humoral response to SARS-CoV-2. Indeed, all COVIDbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2020.09.11.293464https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7491516biostudies-literatureExploratory neuroimmune profiling identifies CNS-specific alterations in COVID-19 patients with neurological involvement.PMC7491516R01 MH122471F30 CA239444F30 CA250249T32 GM136651U19 AI089992K23 MH118999UL1 TR001863S10 OD021801R01 AI157488K08 NS096117R21 MH118109R01 AI104739Gallego JABartley CMAlvarenga BDMao TOh JPleasure SJZamecnik CRChow RDJiang RPhinney BSRahman NTAlexander JDai YLucas CLencz TNgo TTIwasaki AVogels CBFGrubaugh NDWalsh HCasanovas-Massana AKleinstein SHDandekar RGoldman-Israelow BKo AIRing ALoudermilk RPHuynh TDeRisi JLFarhadian SFChiarella JWilson MRMcAlpine LHawes IASong EKlein JSpudich SGeng BSalemi MLiu FfalseExploratory neuroimmune profiling identifies CNS-specific alterations in COVID-19 patients with neurological involvement.One third of COVID-19 patients develop significant neurological symptoms, yet SARS-CoV-2 is rarely detected in central nervous system (CNS) tissue, suggesting a potential role for parainfectious processes, including neuroimmune responses. We therefore examined immune parameters in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from a cohort of patients with COVID-19 and significant neurological complications. We found divergent immunological responses in the CNS compartment, including increased levels of IL-12 and IL-12-associated innate and adaptive immune cell activation. Moreover, we found increased proportions of B cells in the CSF relative to the periphery and evidence of clonal expansion of CSF B cells, suggesting a divergent intrathecal humoral response to SARS-CoV-2. Indeed, all COVID2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 Dec2026-05-03T03:25:03.47Z2020-09-20T07:02:21ZS-EPMC74915163293510210.1101/2020.09.11.293464