biostudies-literatureMunoz-Ruiz MEuropean Molecular Biology OrganizationCancer Research UKFrancis Crick InstituteCNRThe Francis Crick InstituteMedical Research CouncilNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)NIHR BRCRoyal SocietyWellcome Trust102466https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7527781biostudies-literatureUnknown112The ready availability of human blood makes it the first choice for immuno-monitoring. However, this has been largely confined to static metrics, particularly resting T cell phenotypes. Conversely, dynamic assessments have mostly relied on cell stimulation in vitro which is subject to multiple variables. Here, immunodynamic insights from the peripheral blood are shown to be obtainable by applying a revised approach to cell-cycle analysis. Specifically, refined flow cytometric protocols were employed, assuring the reliable quantification of T cells in the S-G₂/M phases of the cell-cycle (collectively termed "T Double S" for T cells in S-phase in Sanguine: in short "T_DS" cells). Without protocol refinement, T_DS could be either missed, as most of them layed ouJournal of autoimmunityTracking immunodynamics by identification of S-G₂/M-phase T cells in human peripheral blood.PMC7527781100071009320265STM 201710729STM 2019FC001003107941000110006IES\R3\170319Hayday ACPeakman MGreco MDi Rosa FRhys HLong HMMunoz-Ruiz MPujol-Autonell ITree TfalseTracking immunodynamics by identification of S-G₂/M-phase T cells in human peripheral blood.The ready availability of human blood makes it the first choice for immuno-monitoring. However, this has been largely confined to static metrics, particularly resting T cell phenotypes. Conversely, dynamic assessments have mostly relied on cell stimulation in vitro which is subject to multiple variables. Here, immunodynamic insights from the peripheral blood are shown to be obtainable by applying a revised approach to cell-cycle analysis. Specifically, refined flow cytometric protocols were employed, assuring the reliable quantification of T cells in the S-G₂/M phases of the cell-cycle (collectively termed "T Double S" for T cells in S-phase in Sanguine: in short "T_DS" cells). Without protocol refinement, T_DS could be either missed, as most of them layed ou2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 Aug2025-04-03T22:40:08.656Z2020-10-29T08:12:14ZS-EPMC75277813241460610.1016/j.jaut.2020.102466