{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Barske L"],"funding":["Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation","A.P. Giannini Foundation","NIDCR NIH HHS","Isaac Newton Trust","NIDCD NIH HHS","RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","HHS | NIH | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","HHS | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","Royal Society","NSF | BIO | Division of Integrative Organismal Systems","Scientific Grant Agency of Slovak Republic","Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"],"pagination":["24876-24884"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7547273"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["117(40)"],"pubmed_abstract":["Whereas the gill chambers of jawless vertebrates open directly into the environment, jawed vertebrates evolved skeletal appendages that drive oxygenated water unidirectionally over the gills. A major anatomical difference between the two jawed vertebrate lineages is the presence of a single large gill cover in bony fishes versus separate covers for each gill chamber in cartilaginous fishes. Here, we find that these divergent patterns correlate with the pharyngeal arch expression of Pou3f3 orthologs. We identify a deeply conserved Pou3f3 arch enhancer present in humans through sharks but undetectable in jawless fish. Minor differences between the bony and cartilaginous fish enhancers account for their restricted versus pan-arch expression patterns. In zebrafish, mutation of Pou3f3 or the conserved enhancer disrupts gill cover formation, whereas ectopic pan-arch Pou3f3b expression generates ectopic skeletal elements resembling the multimeric covers of cartilaginous fishes. Emergence of this Pou3f3 arch enhancer >430 Mya and subsequent modifications may thus have contributed to the acquisition and diversification of gill covers and respiratory strategies during gnathostome evolution."],"journal":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"],"pubmed_title":["Evolution of vertebrate gill covers via shifts in an ancient Pou3f3 enhancer."],"pmcid":["PMC7547273"],"funding_grant_id":["R35 DE027550","n/a","VEGA 1/0415/17","14.23z","T32 DC009975","UF130182","IOS 1744837","R00 DE026239","R21 DE025940","R01 DC015829","R21 DE025940A"],"pubmed_authors":["Fabian P","Xu P","Square T","Gillis JA","Jandzik D","Hirschberger C","Yu HV","Crump JG","Nelson N","Medeiros DM","Barske L"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Evolution of vertebrate gill covers via shifts in an ancient Pou3f3 enhancer.","description":"Whereas the gill chambers of jawless vertebrates open directly into the environment, jawed vertebrates evolved skeletal appendages that drive oxygenated water unidirectionally over the gills. A major anatomical difference between the two jawed vertebrate lineages is the presence of a single large gill cover in bony fishes versus separate covers for each gill chamber in cartilaginous fishes. Here, we find that these divergent patterns correlate with the pharyngeal arch expression of Pou3f3 orthologs. We identify a deeply conserved Pou3f3 arch enhancer present in humans through sharks but undetectable in jawless fish. Minor differences between the bony and cartilaginous fish enhancers account for their restricted versus pan-arch expression patterns. In zebrafish, mutation of Pou3f3 or the conserved enhancer disrupts gill cover formation, whereas ectopic pan-arch Pou3f3b expression generates ectopic skeletal elements resembling the multimeric covers of cartilaginous fishes. Emergence of this Pou3f3 arch enhancer >430 Mya and subsequent modifications may thus have contributed to the acquisition and diversification of gill covers and respiratory strategies during gnathostome evolution.","dates":{"release":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2020 Oct","modification":"2025-04-04T11:54:09.787Z","creation":"2025-04-04T11:54:09.787Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC7547273","cross_references":{"pubmed":["32958671"],"doi":["10.1073/pnas.2011531117"]}}