biostudies-literatureCamacho-Sanchez MFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaPrograma Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade10353-10363https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7548196biostudies-literatureUnknown10(19)Reduced representation genome sequencing has popularized the application of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to address evolutionary and conservation questions in nonmodel organisms. Patterns of genetic structure and diversity based on SNPs often diverge from those obtained with microsatellites to different degrees, but few studies have explicitly compared their performance under similar sampling regimes in a shared analytical framework. We compared range-wide patterns of genetic structure and diversity in two amphibians endemic to the Iberian Peninsula: <i>Hyla molleri</i> and <i>Pelobates cultripes,</i> based on microsatellite (18 and 14 loci) and SNP (15,412 and 33,140 loci) datasets of comparable sample size and spatial extent. Model-based clustering analyses with STRUCTURE reveaEcology and evolutionComparative assessment of range-wide patterns of genetic diversity and structure with SNPs and microsatellites: A case study with Iberian amphibians.PMC7548196DL57/2016IF/01425/2014CEECIND/01464/2017PTDC/BIA‐BIC/3545/2014POCI‐01‐0145‐FEDER‐016853Marques AVerissimo AHanson JOCamacho-Sanchez MMoritz CVelo-Anton GMartinez-Solano ICarvalho SBfalseComparative assessment of range-wide patterns of genetic diversity and structure with SNPs and microsatellites: A case study with Iberian amphibians.Reduced representation genome sequencing has popularized the application of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to address evolutionary and conservation questions in nonmodel organisms. Patterns of genetic structure and diversity based on SNPs often diverge from those obtained with microsatellites to different degrees, but few studies have explicitly compared their performance under similar sampling regimes in a shared analytical framework. We compared range-wide patterns of genetic structure and diversity in two amphibians endemic to the Iberian Peninsula: <i>Hyla molleri</i> and <i>Pelobates cultripes,</i> based on microsatellite (18 and 14 loci) and SNP (15,412 and 33,140 loci) datasets of comparable sample size and spatial extent. Model-based clustering analyses with STRUCTURE revea2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 Oct2025-05-18T12:18:33.569Z2025-05-18T12:18:33.569ZS-EPMC75481963307226410.1002/ece3.6670