{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Miyashima S"],"funding":["European Research Council","Medical Research Council","Dutch Research Council (NWO)","Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"],"pagination":["490-494"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7617008"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["565(7740)"],"pubmed_abstract":["Apical growth in plants initiates upon seed germination, whereas radial growth is primed only during early ontogenesis in procambium cells and activated later by the vascular cambium<sup>1</sup>. Although it is not known how radial growth is organized and regulated in plants, this system resembles the developmental competence observed in some animal systems, in which pre-existing patterns of developmental potential are established early on<sup>2,3</sup>. Here we show that in Arabidopsis the initiation of radial growth occurs around early protophloem-sieve-element cell files of the root procambial tissue. In this domain, cytokinin signalling promotes the expression of a pair of mobile transcription factors-PHLOEM EARLY DOF 1 (PEAR1) and PHLOEM EARLY DOF 2 (PEAR2)-and their four homologues (DOF6, TMO6, OBP2 and HCA2), which we collectively name PEAR proteins. The PEAR proteins form a short-range concentration gradient that peaks at protophloem sieve elements, and activates gene expression that promotes radial growth. The expression and function of PEAR proteins are antagonized by the HD-ZIP III proteins, well-known polarity transcription factors<sup>4</sup>-the expression of which is concentrated in the more-internal domain of radially non-dividing procambial cells by the function of auxin, and mobile miR165 and miR166 microRNAs. The PEAR proteins locally promote transcription of their inhibitory HD-ZIP III genes, and thereby establish a negative-feedback loop that forms a robust boundary that demarks the zone of cell division. Taken together, our data establish that during root procambial development there exists a network in which a module that links PEAR and HD-ZIP III transcription factors integrates spatial information of the hormonal domains and miRNA gradients to provide adjacent zones of dividing and more-quiescent cells, which forms a foundation for further radial growth."],"journal":["Nature"],"pubmed_title":["Mobile PEAR transcription factors integrate positional cues to prime cambial growth."],"pmcid":["PMC7617008"],"funding_grant_id":["864.13.001","MR/M008975/1","323052","BB/N013158/1","BB/L023555/1","BB/M019837/1"],"pubmed_authors":["Helariutta Y","Wallner ES","Greb T","Miyashima S","Roszak P","Mellor N","Sevilem I","Hooiveld G","De Rybel B","Melnyk CW","Help-Rinta-Rahko H","Sozzani R","Blob B","Mahonen AP","Smetana O","Hashimoto K","Bishopp A","Nakajima K","Siligato R","Heo JO","Smet W","Boekschoten M","Otero S","Kondo Y","Toyokura K"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Mobile PEAR transcription factors integrate positional cues to prime cambial growth.","description":"Apical growth in plants initiates upon seed germination, whereas radial growth is primed only during early ontogenesis in procambium cells and activated later by the vascular cambium<sup>1</sup>. Although it is not known how radial growth is organized and regulated in plants, this system resembles the developmental competence observed in some animal systems, in which pre-existing patterns of developmental potential are established early on<sup>2,3</sup>. Here we show that in Arabidopsis the initiation of radial growth occurs around early protophloem-sieve-element cell files of the root procambial tissue. In this domain, cytokinin signalling promotes the expression of a pair of mobile transcription factors-PHLOEM EARLY DOF 1 (PEAR1) and PHLOEM EARLY DOF 2 (PEAR2)-and their four homologues (DOF6, TMO6, OBP2 and HCA2), which we collectively name PEAR proteins. The PEAR proteins form a short-range concentration gradient that peaks at protophloem sieve elements, and activates gene expression that promotes radial growth. The expression and function of PEAR proteins are antagonized by the HD-ZIP III proteins, well-known polarity transcription factors<sup>4</sup>-the expression of which is concentrated in the more-internal domain of radially non-dividing procambial cells by the function of auxin, and mobile miR165 and miR166 microRNAs. The PEAR proteins locally promote transcription of their inhibitory HD-ZIP III genes, and thereby establish a negative-feedback loop that forms a robust boundary that demarks the zone of cell division. Taken together, our data establish that during root procambial development there exists a network in which a module that links PEAR and HD-ZIP III transcription factors integrates spatial information of the hormonal domains and miRNA gradients to provide adjacent zones of dividing and more-quiescent cells, which forms a foundation for further radial growth.","dates":{"release":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2019 Jan","modification":"2026-06-02T03:42:50.308Z","creation":"2025-04-04T01:57:52.37Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC7617008","cross_references":{"pubmed":["30626969"],"doi":["10.1038/s41586-018-0839-y"]}}