{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Zabelskii D"],"funding":["Agence Nationale de la Recherche"],"pagination":["5707"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7659345"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["11(1)"],"pubmed_abstract":["Phytoplankton is the base of the marine food chain as well as oxygen and carbon cycles and thus plays a global role in climate and ecology. Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses that infect phytoplankton organisms and regulate the phytoplankton dynamics encompass genes of rhodopsins of two distinct families. Here, we present a functional and structural characterization of two proteins of viral rhodopsin group 1, OLPVR1 and VirChR1. Functional analysis of VirChR1 shows that it is a highly selective, Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-conducting channel and, in contrast to known cation channelrhodopsins, it is impermeable to Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions. We show that, upon illumination, VirChR1 is able to drive neural firing. The 1.4 Å resolution structure of OLPVR1 reveals remarkable differences from the known channelrhodopsins and a unique ion-conducting pathway. Thus, viral rhodopsins 1 represent a unique, large group of light-gated channels (viral channelrhodopsins, VirChR1s). In nature, VirChR1s likely mediate phototaxis of algae enhancing the host anabolic processes to support virus reproduction, and therefore, might play a major role in global phytoplankton dynamics. Moreover, VirChR1s have unique potential for optogenetics as they lack possibly noxious Ca<sup>2+</sup> permeability."],"journal":["Nature communications"],"pubmed_title":["Viral rhodopsins 1 are an unique family of light-gated cation channels."],"pmcid":["PMC7659345"],"funding_grant_id":["ANR-15-CE11-0029-02/FA 301/11-1"],"pubmed_authors":["Rulev M","Vivaudou M","Rodriguez-Valera F","Offenhausser A","Popov A","Alekseev A","Zabelskii D","Rankovic V","Kovalev K","Podolyak E","Bratanov D","Yutin N","Rogachev A","Rosselli R","Koonin E","Soloviov D","Antonenko Y","Balandin T","Rokitskaya T","Willbold D","Chizhov I","Shaitan K","Eria-Oliveira AS","Armeev G","Vaganova S","Astashkin R","Buldt G","Mager T","Savelyeva E","Kirpichnikov M","Bamberg E","Gordeliy V","Volkov D","Moser T"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Viral rhodopsins 1 are an unique family of light-gated cation channels.","description":"Phytoplankton is the base of the marine food chain as well as oxygen and carbon cycles and thus plays a global role in climate and ecology. Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses that infect phytoplankton organisms and regulate the phytoplankton dynamics encompass genes of rhodopsins of two distinct families. Here, we present a functional and structural characterization of two proteins of viral rhodopsin group 1, OLPVR1 and VirChR1. Functional analysis of VirChR1 shows that it is a highly selective, Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-conducting channel and, in contrast to known cation channelrhodopsins, it is impermeable to Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions. We show that, upon illumination, VirChR1 is able to drive neural firing. The 1.4 Å resolution structure of OLPVR1 reveals remarkable differences from the known channelrhodopsins and a unique ion-conducting pathway. Thus, viral rhodopsins 1 represent a unique, large group of light-gated channels (viral channelrhodopsins, VirChR1s). In nature, VirChR1s likely mediate phototaxis of algae enhancing the host anabolic processes to support virus reproduction, and therefore, might play a major role in global phytoplankton dynamics. Moreover, VirChR1s have unique potential for optogenetics as they lack possibly noxious Ca<sup>2+</sup> permeability.","dates":{"release":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2020 Nov","modification":"2024-10-18T19:52:18.145Z","creation":"2020-11-22T09:49:52Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC7659345","cross_references":{"pubmed":["33177509"],"doi":["10.1038/s41467-020-19457-7"]}}