biostudies-literatureLi GVannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship from the U. S. Department of DefenseShanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major ProjectNatural Science Foundation of ShanghaiNational Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational ResearchU. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI projectChina Postdoctoral Science FoundationNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaShandong Quancheng Scholarshipeabe4335https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7793575biostudies-literatureUnknown7(2)Band structure theory plays an essential role in exploring physics in both solid-state systems and photonics. Here, we demonstrate a direct experimental measurement of the dynamic band structure in a synthetic space including the frequency axis of light, realized in a ring resonator under near-resonant dynamic modulation. This synthetic lattice exhibits the physical picture of the evolution of the wave vector reciprocal to the frequency axis in the band structure, analogous to a one-dimensional lattice under an external force. We experimentally measure the trajectories of the dynamic band structure by selectively exciting the band with a continuous wave source with its frequency scanning across the entire energy regime of the band. Our results not only provide a new perspective for exploring the dynamics in fundamental physics of solid-state and photonic systems with the concept of the synthetic dimension but also enable great capability in band structure engineering in photonics.Science advancesDynamic band structure measurement in the synthetic space.PMC77935752020M671090FA9550-18-1-03791197424500242019024N00014-17-1-30302019SHZDZX0119ZR14757002017YFA0303701Li GZheng YDutt AYuan LYu DShan QLiu SChen XFan SfalseDynamic band structure measurement in the synthetic space.Band structure theory plays an essential role in exploring physics in both solid-state systems and photonics. Here, we demonstrate a direct experimental measurement of the dynamic band structure in a synthetic space including the frequency axis of light, realized in a ring resonator under near-resonant dynamic modulation. This synthetic lattice exhibits the physical picture of the evolution of the wave vector reciprocal to the frequency axis in the band structure, analogous to a one-dimensional lattice under an external force. We experimentally measure the trajectories of the dynamic band structure by selectively exciting the band with a continuous wave source with its frequency scanning across the entire energy regime of the band. Our results not only provide a new perspective for exploring the dynamics in fundamental physics of solid-state and photonic systems with the concept of the synthetic dimension but also enable great capability in band structure engineering in photonics.2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Jan2025-04-26T02:07:07.171Z2025-04-06T10:19:43.522ZS-EPMC77935753352400010.1126/sciadv.abe4335