biostudies-literatureLin SNCI NIH HHS1085-1093https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7797662biostudies-literatureUnknown12(4)<b>Objectives</b>: Cigarette smoking is involved in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of cigarette smoking-induced HNSCC carcinogenesis are unclear and may involve cancer stem-like cell generation. We examined the effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on the formation of cancer stem-like cells, which are rich in octamer-binding transcription factor (OCT)-4, inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI-1). <b>Materials and Methods</b>: We used <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in vivo</i>, and archival human HNSCC tissue analysis to evaluate the effects of CSC on cancer stem-like cell formation. <b>Results:</b> We found that CSC regulated OCT-4 expressJournal of CancerCigarette smoking promotes keratinocyte malignancy via generation of cancer stem-like cells.PMC7797662R03 CA107989Lai HXiong JYang JZheng YLin SMei WJin RHu XLin XZeng TZhang QLiu XLi XWeng HXie JFang SChen YLin JXu YfalseCigarette smoking promotes keratinocyte malignancy via generation of cancer stem-like cells.<b>Objectives</b>: Cigarette smoking is involved in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of cigarette smoking-induced HNSCC carcinogenesis are unclear and may involve cancer stem-like cell generation. We examined the effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on the formation of cancer stem-like cells, which are rich in octamer-binding transcription factor (OCT)-4, inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI-1). <b>Materials and Methods</b>: We used <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in vivo</i>, and archival human HNSCC tissue analysis to evaluate the effects of CSC on cancer stem-like cell formation. <b>Results:</b> We found that CSC regulated OCT-4 express2021-01-01T00:00:00Z20212026-06-04T03:04:13.946Z2025-05-29T21:04:39.014ZS-EPMC77976623344240610.7150/jca.50746