{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Maringe C"],"funding":["Cancer Research UK"],"pagination":["1719-1729"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7823243"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["49(5)"],"pubmed_abstract":["Acquiring real-world evidence is crucial to support health policy, but observational studies are prone to serious biases. An approach was recently proposed to overcome confounding and immortal-time biases within the emulated trial framework. This tutorial provides a step-by-step description of the design and analysis of emulated trials, as well as R and Stata code, to facilitate its use in practice. The steps consist in: (i) specifying the target trial and inclusion criteria; (ii) cloning patients; (iii) defining censoring and survival times; (iv) estimating the weights to account for informative censoring introduced by design; and (v) analysing these data. These steps are illustrated with observational data to assess the benefit of surgery among 70-89-year-old patients diagnosed with earl"],"journal":["International journal of epidemiology"],"pubmed_title":["Reflection on modern methods: trial emulation in the presence of immortal-time bias. Assessing the benefit of major surgery for elderly lung cancer patients using observational data."],"pmcid":["PMC7823243"],"funding_grant_id":["C7923/A18525","29018","18525"],"pubmed_authors":["Rachet B","Smith M","Benitez Majano S","Belot A","Leyrat C","Exarchakou A","Maringe C"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Reflection on modern methods: trial emulation in the presence of immortal-time bias. Assessing the benefit of major surgery for elderly lung cancer patients using observational data.","description":"Acquiring real-world evidence is crucial to support health policy, but observational studies are prone to serious biases. An approach was recently proposed to overcome confounding and immortal-time biases within the emulated trial framework. This tutorial provides a step-by-step description of the design and analysis of emulated trials, as well as R and Stata code, to facilitate its use in practice. The steps consist in: (i) specifying the target trial and inclusion criteria; (ii) cloning patients; (iii) defining censoring and survival times; (iv) estimating the weights to account for informative censoring introduced by design; and (v) analysing these data. These steps are illustrated with observational data to assess the benefit of surgery among 70-89-year-old patients diagnosed with earl","dates":{"release":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2020 Oct","modification":"2025-05-31T22:40:54.396Z","creation":"2021-02-21T03:07:18Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC7823243","cross_references":{"pubmed":["32386426"],"doi":["10.1093/ije/dyaa057"]}}