biostudies-literatureUnknown78(5)Kowalski RG<h4>Importance</h4>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to 2.9 million visits to US emergency departments annually and frequently involves a disorder of consciousness (DOC). Early treatment, including withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies and rehabilitation, is often predicated on the assumed worse outcome of disrupted consciousness.<h4>Objective</h4>To quantify the loss of consciousness, factors associated with recovery, and return to functional independence in a 31-year sample of patients with moderate or severe brain trauma.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This cohort study analyzed patients with TBI who were enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database, a prospective, multiyear, longitudinal database. Patients were survivors of moderate or severe TBI JAMA neurology548-557https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7922241biostudies-literatureRecovery of Consciousness and Functional Outcome in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.PMC7922241Zafonte RDNakase-Richardson RWhyte JHammond FMWeintraub AHGiacino JTKowalski RGfalseRecovery of Consciousness and Functional Outcome in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.<h4>Importance</h4>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to 2.9 million visits to US emergency departments annually and frequently involves a disorder of consciousness (DOC). Early treatment, including withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies and rehabilitation, is often predicated on the assumed worse outcome of disrupted consciousness.<h4>Objective</h4>To quantify the loss of consciousness, factors associated with recovery, and return to functional independence in a 31-year sample of patients with moderate or severe brain trauma.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This cohort study analyzed patients with TBI who were enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database, a prospective, multiyear, longitudinal database. Patients were survivors of moderate or severe TBI 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 May2026-06-12T10:27:03.292Z2025-04-20T03:45:28.995ZS-EPMC79222413364627310.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0084