{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Cadena AM"],"funding":["NIAID NIH HHS","U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","NIH HHS"],"pagination":["1474"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7935896"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["12(1)"],"pubmed_abstract":["The establishment of a long-lived viral reservoir is the key obstacle for achieving an HIV-1 cure. However, the anatomic, virologic, and immunologic features of the viral reservoir in tissues during antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain poorly understood. Here we present a comprehensive necroscopic analysis of the SIV/SHIV viral reservoir in multiple lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues from SIV/SHIV-infected rhesus macaques suppressed with ART for one year. Viral DNA is observed broadly in multiple tissues and is comparable in animals that had initiated ART at week 1 or week 52 of infection. In contrast, viral RNA is restricted primarily to lymph nodes. Ongoing viral RNA transcription is not the result of unsuppressed viral replication, as single-genome amplification and subsequent phylogenetic analysis do not show evidence of viral evolution. Gag-specific CD8+ T cell responses are predominantly observed in secondary lymphoid organs in animals chronically infected prior to ART and these responses are dominated by CD69+ populations. Overall, we observe that the viral reservoir in rhesus macaques is widely distributed across multiple tissue sites and that lymphoid tissues act as a site of persistent viral RNA transcription under conditions of long-term ART suppression."],"journal":["Nature communications"],"pubmed_title":["Persistence of viral RNA in lymph nodes in ART-suppressed SIV/SHIV-infected Rhesus Macaques."],"pmcid":["PMC7935896"],"funding_grant_id":["U19 AI128751","R01 AI129797","UM1 AI124377","R01 OD024917","P01 AI131306","AI124377, AI126603, AI128751, AI129797, OD024917","UM1 AI126603"],"pubmed_authors":["McMahan K","Fischinger S","Liu PT","Borducchi EN","Shin SA","Cadena AM","Walker-Sperling V","Barouch DH","Kordana N","Kumar M","Lewis MG","Tuyishime H","Mercado NB","Hamza V","Fray E","Alter G","Abbink P","Ventura JD","Siliciano RF","Siamatu M","Bondzie EA","Nkolola JP","Chandrashekar A"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Persistence of viral RNA in lymph nodes in ART-suppressed SIV/SHIV-infected Rhesus Macaques.","description":"The establishment of a long-lived viral reservoir is the key obstacle for achieving an HIV-1 cure. However, the anatomic, virologic, and immunologic features of the viral reservoir in tissues during antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain poorly understood. Here we present a comprehensive necroscopic analysis of the SIV/SHIV viral reservoir in multiple lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues from SIV/SHIV-infected rhesus macaques suppressed with ART for one year. Viral DNA is observed broadly in multiple tissues and is comparable in animals that had initiated ART at week 1 or week 52 of infection. In contrast, viral RNA is restricted primarily to lymph nodes. Ongoing viral RNA transcription is not the result of unsuppressed viral replication, as single-genome amplification and subsequent phylogenetic analysis do not show evidence of viral evolution. Gag-specific CD8+ T cell responses are predominantly observed in secondary lymphoid organs in animals chronically infected prior to ART and these responses are dominated by CD69+ populations. Overall, we observe that the viral reservoir in rhesus macaques is widely distributed across multiple tissue sites and that lymphoid tissues act as a site of persistent viral RNA transcription under conditions of long-term ART suppression.","dates":{"release":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2021 Mar","modification":"2025-04-21T18:06:32.532Z","creation":"2025-04-05T17:05:05.846Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC7935896","cross_references":{"pubmed":["33674572"],"doi":["10.1038/s41467-021-21724-0"]}}