biostudies-literatureHu SNatural Science Foundation of Zhejiang ProvinceNatural Science Foundation of Ningbo456-464https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7938632biostudies-literatureUnknown22(4)The apoplast is the extracellular space for signalling, nutrient transport, and plant-microbe interactions, but little is known about how plant viruses use the foliar apoplast. Proteomic analysis of the apoplasts isolated from potato virus X (PVX)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants showed that the coat protein (CP) is the dominant viral component. The presence of the CP in the apoplast was confirmed by western blot, viral nucleic acid was detected by reverse transcription-PCR and northern blot, and viral particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The apoplast from infected leaves was infectious if rubbed onto healthy leaves but not when infiltrated into them. The exosomes were separated from the apoplast fluid by high-speed centrifugation and TEM showed that PVX Molecular plant pathologyIdentification of viral particles in the apoplast of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves infected by potato virus X.PMC79386322019A610409LY20C140001Yin YHu SLin QRao SChen JLu YWu GChen BZheng HTian YSong XPeng JMo XYan FfalseIdentification of viral particles in the apoplast of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves infected by potato virus X.The apoplast is the extracellular space for signalling, nutrient transport, and plant-microbe interactions, but little is known about how plant viruses use the foliar apoplast. Proteomic analysis of the apoplasts isolated from potato virus X (PVX)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants showed that the coat protein (CP) is the dominant viral component. The presence of the CP in the apoplast was confirmed by western blot, viral nucleic acid was detected by reverse transcription-PCR and northern blot, and viral particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The apoplast from infected leaves was infectious if rubbed onto healthy leaves but not when infiltrated into them. The exosomes were separated from the apoplast fluid by high-speed centrifugation and TEM showed that PVX 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Apr2025-04-05T16:19:08.441Z2025-04-05T16:19:08.441ZS-EPMC79386323362949110.1111/mpp.13039