{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["He GD"],"funding":["Science and Technology Plan Program of Guangzhou","the Key Area R&D Program of Guangdong Province","the National Key Research and Development Program of China","the Key Area R&amp;D Program of Guangdong Province"],"pagination":["25"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7945313"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["18(1)"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Background</h4>The link between total cholesterol (TC) and all-cause and specific mortality has not been elucidated. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TC levels on all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality.<h4>Methods</h4>All data analyzed were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2014. The relationship between levels of TC and mortality was determined through Cox proportional hazard regression analysis coupled with multivariable adjustments. Two-piecewise linear regression models and Cox models with penalized splines were applied to explore nonlinear and irregular shape relationships. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and subgroup analyses were conducted.<h4>Results</h4>The sample studied comprised 14,662 men and 16,025 women, categorized as 25,429 adults aged 18-65 and 5,258 adults over 65 years old. A total of 2,570 deaths were recorded. All-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality showed U-curve associations after adjusting for confounding variables in the restricted cubic spline analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause and cancer mortality were particularly negatively related to TC levels in the lower range < 200 mg/dL, especially in the range < 120 mg/dL (HR 1.97; 95% CI 1.38, 2.83, HR 2.39; 95% CI 1.21, 4.71, respectively). However, the HRs of cardiovascular disease mortality in the range < 120 mg/dL were the lowest (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.15, 2.42). In the upper range, a TC range of ≥ 280 mg/dL was correlated with mortality as a result of CVD and cancer (HR 1.31; 95% CI 0.87, 1.97 and HR 1.22; 95% CI 0.82, 1.79). The lowest cumulative survival rate of all-cause mortality was recorded in the lowest TC-level group, while the lowest cumulative survival rate of CVD mortality was recorded in the highest TC-level group.<h4>Conclusions</h4>A nonlinear association of TC level with all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality in the American population was observed, suggesting that too low or too high serum total cholesterol levels might correlate with adverse outcomes."],"journal":["Nutrition & metabolism"],"pubmed_title":["A nonlinear association of total cholesterol with all-cause and cause-specific mortality."],"pmcid":["PMC7945313"],"funding_grant_id":["No.201803040012","No.2017YFC1307603","No.2019B020227005"],"pubmed_authors":["Chen CL","Huang JY","Liu L","He GD","Lo K","Huang YQ","Feng YQ","Yu YL","Liu XC"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"A nonlinear association of total cholesterol with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.","description":"<h4>Background</h4>The link between total cholesterol (TC) and all-cause and specific mortality has not been elucidated. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TC levels on all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality.<h4>Methods</h4>All data analyzed were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2014. The relationship between levels of TC and mortality was determined through Cox proportional hazard regression analysis coupled with multivariable adjustments. Two-piecewise linear regression models and Cox models with penalized splines were applied to explore nonlinear and irregular shape relationships. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and subgroup analyses were conducted.<h4>Results</h4>The sample studied comprised 14,662 men and 16,025 women, categorized as 25,429 adults aged 18-65 and 5,258 adults over 65 years old. A total of 2,570 deaths were recorded. All-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality showed U-curve associations after adjusting for confounding variables in the restricted cubic spline analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause and cancer mortality were particularly negatively related to TC levels in the lower range < 200 mg/dL, especially in the range < 120 mg/dL (HR 1.97; 95% CI 1.38, 2.83, HR 2.39; 95% CI 1.21, 4.71, respectively). However, the HRs of cardiovascular disease mortality in the range < 120 mg/dL were the lowest (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.15, 2.42). In the upper range, a TC range of ≥ 280 mg/dL was correlated with mortality as a result of CVD and cancer (HR 1.31; 95% CI 0.87, 1.97 and HR 1.22; 95% CI 0.82, 1.79). The lowest cumulative survival rate of all-cause mortality was recorded in the lowest TC-level group, while the lowest cumulative survival rate of CVD mortality was recorded in the highest TC-level group.<h4>Conclusions</h4>A nonlinear association of TC level with all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality in the American population was observed, suggesting that too low or too high serum total cholesterol levels might correlate with adverse outcomes.","dates":{"release":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2021 Mar","modification":"2024-11-09T11:32:41.844Z","creation":"2021-03-13T08:17:19Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC7945313","cross_references":{"pubmed":["33691735"],"doi":["10.1186/s12986-021-00548-1"]}}