biostudies-literatureOcasio-Torres MENational Science Foundation–Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research (NSF; grant numberFlorida International University –Southeast Environmental Research CenterNational Science Foundation - CREST Puerto Rico Center for Environmental Neurosciencee11011https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7958891biostudies-literatureUnknown9<h4>Background</h4>Prey can alter their behavior when detecting predator cues. Little is known about which sensory channel, number of channels, or the interaction among channels that shrimp species use to evaluate the threat from predators. The amphidromous shrimp <i>Xiphocaris elongata</i> has an induced defense, an elongated rostrum, where predatory fishes are present. We sought to test if kairomones or visual cues when presented singly from fish either eating flakes or shrimp, had more effect on altering the temporal feeding and refuge use patterns of long-rostrum (LR) <i>X. elongata</i>. We were also interested in elucidating potential interactions among cues when presented simultaneously in different combinations (kairomones + visual + mechanosensory, kairomones + alarm + visual, kairPeerJ--Effect of multimodal cues from a predatory fish on refuge use and foraging on an amphidromous shrimp.PMC7958891HRD1736019DEB-1546686Sabat AMOcasio-Torres MECrowl TAfalse--Effect of multimodal cues from a predatory fish on refuge use and foraging on an amphidromous shrimp.<h4>Background</h4>Prey can alter their behavior when detecting predator cues. Little is known about which sensory channel, number of channels, or the interaction among channels that shrimp species use to evaluate the threat from predators. The amphidromous shrimp <i>Xiphocaris elongata</i> has an induced defense, an elongated rostrum, where predatory fishes are present. We sought to test if kairomones or visual cues when presented singly from fish either eating flakes or shrimp, had more effect on altering the temporal feeding and refuge use patterns of long-rostrum (LR) <i>X. elongata</i>. We were also interested in elucidating potential interactions among cues when presented simultaneously in different combinations (kairomones + visual + mechanosensory, kairomones + alarm + visual, kair2021-01-01T00:00:00Z20212025-04-18T23:10:44.186Z2025-04-07T10:44:05.26ZS-EPMC79588913376330410.7717/peerj.11011