{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Shariq M"],"funding":["Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India"],"pagination":["636644"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7969667"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["12"],"pubmed_abstract":["Reductive evolution has endowed <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>M. tb</i>) with moonlighting in protein functions. We demonstrate that RipA (Rv1477), a peptidoglycan hydrolase, activates the NFκB signaling pathway and elicits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12, through the activation of an innate immune-receptor, toll-like receptor (TLR)4. RipA also induces an enhanced expression of macrophage activation markers MHC-II, CD80, and CD86, suggestive of M1 polarization. RipA harbors LC3 (Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) motifs known to be involved in autophagy regulation and indeed alters the levels of autophagy markers LC3BII and P62/SQSTM1 (Sequestosome-1), along with an increase in the ratio of P62/Beclin1, a hallmark of autophagy i"],"journal":["Frontiers in immunology"],"pubmed_title":["<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> RipA Dampens TLR4-Mediated Host Protective Response Using a Multi-Pronged Approach Involving Autophagy, Apoptosis, Metabolic Repurposing, and Immune Modulation."],"pmcid":["PMC7969667"],"funding_grant_id":["BT/PR23099/NER/95/632/2017","BT/PR12817/COE/34/23/2015"],"pubmed_authors":["Sharma N","Sheikh JA","Singh J","Ehtesham NZ","Hasnain SE","Shariq M","Quadir N","Khubaib M"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> RipA Dampens TLR4-Mediated Host Protective Response Using a Multi-Pronged Approach Involving Autophagy, Apoptosis, Metabolic Repurposing, and Immune Modulation.","description":"Reductive evolution has endowed <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>M. tb</i>) with moonlighting in protein functions. We demonstrate that RipA (Rv1477), a peptidoglycan hydrolase, activates the NFκB signaling pathway and elicits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12, through the activation of an innate immune-receptor, toll-like receptor (TLR)4. RipA also induces an enhanced expression of macrophage activation markers MHC-II, CD80, and CD86, suggestive of M1 polarization. RipA harbors LC3 (Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) motifs known to be involved in autophagy regulation and indeed alters the levels of autophagy markers LC3BII and P62/SQSTM1 (Sequestosome-1), along with an increase in the ratio of P62/Beclin1, a hallmark of autophagy i","dates":{"release":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2021","modification":"2026-05-07T03:19:44.918Z","creation":"2025-04-03T21:33:12.041Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC7969667","cross_references":{"pubmed":["33746976"],"doi":["10.3389/fimmu.2021.636644"]}}