biostudies-literatureShimada AJapan Society for the Promotion of Science520-528https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7973137biostudies-literatureUnknown8Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is characterized as diffuse brain dysfunction in patients with excessive systemic inflammatory reaction to an infection. In our previous studies using a mouse model of SAE with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tissue concentrations of various cytokines were elevated in the entire brain parenchyma 4 and 24 h following LPS administration. Cytokines elevated at 4 h were produced by the choroid plexus, leptomeninges and vascular endothelium, while those at 24 h were produced by astrocytes. Interleukin (IL)-1β did not increase in the concentration in the brain parenchyma during the period from 1 to 24 h following LPS. In the present study, we hypothesized that the intracranial cells that initially respond to systemic inflammation are Toxicology reportsIncreased cytokine expression in the choroid plexus stroma and epithelium in response to endotoxin-induced systemic inflammation in mice.PMC797313718K0707225290020Hasegawa-Ishii SShimada AfalseIncreased cytokine expression in the choroid plexus stroma and epithelium in response to endotoxin-induced systemic inflammation in mice.Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is characterized as diffuse brain dysfunction in patients with excessive systemic inflammatory reaction to an infection. In our previous studies using a mouse model of SAE with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tissue concentrations of various cytokines were elevated in the entire brain parenchyma 4 and 24 h following LPS administration. Cytokines elevated at 4 h were produced by the choroid plexus, leptomeninges and vascular endothelium, while those at 24 h were produced by astrocytes. Interleukin (IL)-1β did not increase in the concentration in the brain parenchyma during the period from 1 to 24 h following LPS. In the present study, we hypothesized that the intracranial cells that initially respond to systemic inflammation are 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z20212025-04-05T13:48:43.722Z2025-04-05T13:48:43.722ZS-EPMC79731373374779710.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.002