biostudies-literatureCramer-van der Welle CMKWF Kankerbestrijding6306https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7973789biostudies-literatureUnknown11(1)This study aims to assess how clinical outcomes of immunotherapy in real-world (effectiveness) correspond to outcomes in clinical trials (efficacy) and to look into factors that might explain an efficacy-effectiveness (EE) gap. All patients diagnosed with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2015-2018 in six Dutch large teaching hospitals (Santeon network) were identified and followed-up from date of diagnosis until death or end of data collection. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from first-line (1L) pembrolizumab and second-line (2L) nivolumab were compared with clinical trial data by calculating hazard ratios (HRs). From 1950 diagnosed patients, 1005 (52%) started with any 1L treatment, of which 83 received pembrolizumab. Nivolumab was started as 2L trScientific reportsReal-world outcomes versus clinical trial results of immunotherapy in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Netherlands.PMC7973789SAN2016-7942van den Borne BEEMCramer-van der Welle CMSmit AAJSchramel FMNHSanteon NSCLC Study GroupKastelijn EATonn MPeters BJMGroen HJMvan de Garde EMWSchouwink JHKlungel OHVermeer LCVerschueren MVvan Putten JWGfalseReal-world outcomes versus clinical trial results of immunotherapy in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Netherlands.This study aims to assess how clinical outcomes of immunotherapy in real-world (effectiveness) correspond to outcomes in clinical trials (efficacy) and to look into factors that might explain an efficacy-effectiveness (EE) gap. All patients diagnosed with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2015-2018 in six Dutch large teaching hospitals (Santeon network) were identified and followed-up from date of diagnosis until death or end of data collection. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from first-line (1L) pembrolizumab and second-line (2L) nivolumab were compared with clinical trial data by calculating hazard ratios (HRs). From 1950 diagnosed patients, 1005 (52%) started with any 1L treatment, of which 83 received pembrolizumab. Nivolumab was started as 2L tr2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Mar2025-04-22T17:55:27.447Z2025-04-06T02:14:00.984ZS-EPMC79737893373764110.1038/s41598-021-85696-3