biostudies-literatureLi HComisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaEuropean Research Council351-369https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7984064biostudies-literatureUnknown229(1)Cell and tissue polarization is fundamental for plant growth and morphogenesis. The polar, cellular localization of Arabidopsis PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins is crucial for their function in directional auxin transport. The clustering of PIN polar cargoes within the plasma membrane has been proposed to be important for the maintenance of their polar distribution. However, the more detailed features of PIN clusters and the cellular requirements of cargo clustering remain unclear. Here, we characterized PIN clusters in detail by means of multiple advanced microscopy and quantification methods, such as 3D quantitative imaging or freeze-fracture replica labeling. The size and aggregation types of PIN clusters were determined by electron microscopy at the nanometer level at different polar domains The New phytologistCellular requirements for PIN polar cargo clustering in Arabidopsis thaliana.PMC7984064grant agreement No 742985Project CONICYT‐PAI 82130047742985Li HTejos RKe MGutl DGrones PDe Rycke RKaufmann WANaramoto SFriml JDarwish-Miranda NZhang XTan Svon Wangenheim DChen XDettmer JWabnik KfalseCellular requirements for PIN polar cargo clustering in Arabidopsis thaliana.Cell and tissue polarization is fundamental for plant growth and morphogenesis. The polar, cellular localization of Arabidopsis PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins is crucial for their function in directional auxin transport. The clustering of PIN polar cargoes within the plasma membrane has been proposed to be important for the maintenance of their polar distribution. However, the more detailed features of PIN clusters and the cellular requirements of cargo clustering remain unclear. Here, we characterized PIN clusters in detail by means of multiple advanced microscopy and quantification methods, such as 3D quantitative imaging or freeze-fracture replica labeling. The size and aggregation types of PIN clusters were determined by electron microscopy at the nanometer level at different polar domains 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Jan2025-04-22T02:09:30.423Z2025-04-05T20:12:40.173ZS-EPMC79840643281088910.1111/nph.16887