biostudies-literatureMiller JJBritish Heart FoundationNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Wellcome TrustEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council2978-2991https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7986077biostudies-literatureUnknown85(6)<h4>Purpose</h4>Phosphorus saturation-transfer experiments can quantify metabolic fluxes noninvasively. Typically, the forward flux through the creatine kinase reaction is investigated by observing the decrease in phosphocreatine (PCr) after saturation of γ-ATP. The quantification of total ATP utilization is currently underexplored, as it requires simultaneous saturation of inorganic phosphate ( Pi ) and PCr. This is challenging, as currently available saturation pulses reduce the already-low γ-ATP signal present.<h4>Methods</h4>Using a hybrid optimal-control and Shinnar-Le Roux method, a quasi-adiabatic RF pulse was designed for the dual saturation of PCr and Pi to enable determination of total ATP utilization. The pulses were evaluated in Bloch equation simulations, compared with a conveMagnetic resonance in medicineRapid, B1 -insensitive, dual-band quasi-adiabatic saturation transfer with optimal control for complete quantification of myocardial ATP flux.PMC7986077FS/14/17/30634FS/19/18/34252FS/15/68/320421944425RE/13/1/30181FS/16/7/31843FS/17/58/33072098436/Z/12/BRG/11/9/28921Tyler DJTyler ATimm KNLau JYCMiller JJKerr MWatson WDBottomley PAValkovic LHeather LCRodgers CfalseRapid, B1 -insensitive, dual-band quasi-adiabatic saturation transfer with optimal control for complete quantification of myocardial ATP flux.<h4>Purpose</h4>Phosphorus saturation-transfer experiments can quantify metabolic fluxes noninvasively. Typically, the forward flux through the creatine kinase reaction is investigated by observing the decrease in phosphocreatine (PCr) after saturation of γ-ATP. The quantification of total ATP utilization is currently underexplored, as it requires simultaneous saturation of inorganic phosphate ( Pi ) and PCr. This is challenging, as currently available saturation pulses reduce the already-low γ-ATP signal present.<h4>Methods</h4>Using a hybrid optimal-control and Shinnar-Le Roux method, a quasi-adiabatic RF pulse was designed for the dual saturation of PCr and Pi to enable determination of total ATP utilization. The pulses were evaluated in Bloch equation simulations, compared with a conve2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Jun2025-04-18T17:41:14.766Z2025-04-07T05:18:05.823ZS-EPMC79860773353806310.1002/mrm.28647