biostudies-literatureUnknown9(4)Cortellini AWellcome Trust<h4>Background</h4>Some concomitant medications including antibiotics (ATB) have been reproducibly associated with worse survival following immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in unselected patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (according to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and treatment line). Whether such relationship is causative or associative is matter of debate.<h4>Methods</h4>We present the outcomes analysis according to concomitant baseline medications (prior to ICI initiation) with putative immune-modulatory effects in a large cohort of patients with metastatic NSCLC with a PD-L1 expression ≥50%, receiving first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy. We also evaluated a control cohort of patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with first-line chemotherapy. The interJournal for immunotherapy of cancere002421https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8031700biostudies-literatureDifferential influence of antibiotic therapy and other medications on oncological outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with first-line pembrolizumab versus cytotoxic chemotherapy.PMC8031700Mazzoni FGelibter AGarassino MCAddeo ASantini DSignorelli DCortinovis DLSiringo MGuida AGiusti RSforza VRastelli FBironzo PCannita KGenova CRusso AFiletti MBordi PChiari RBerardi RNigro ORicciardi SAerts JGTuzi AGuaitoli GInno AMansueto GBria ETorniai MDella Gravara LMacerelli MGrossi FZoratto FFicorella CFriedlaender AMigliorino MRDi Marino PGrassadonia AMetro GCortellini AMarchetti PFerrara MGPorzio GCantini LBanna GLMinuti GDe Toma ASpinelli GPDi Maio MMichele TRijavec ERussano MD'Argento ELeonetti ACitarella FAdamo VLandi LPinato DJRocco DPassiglia FBarbieri FfalseDifferential influence of antibiotic therapy and other medications on oncological outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with first-line pembrolizumab versus cytotoxic chemotherapy.<h4>Background</h4>Some concomitant medications including antibiotics (ATB) have been reproducibly associated with worse survival following immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in unselected patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (according to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and treatment line). Whether such relationship is causative or associative is matter of debate.<h4>Methods</h4>We present the outcomes analysis according to concomitant baseline medications (prior to ICI initiation) with putative immune-modulatory effects in a large cohort of patients with metastatic NSCLC with a PD-L1 expression ≥50%, receiving first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy. We also evaluated a control cohort of patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with first-line chemotherapy. The inter2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Apr2026-07-16T10:08:16.298Z2026-07-09T10:49:10.342ZS-EPMC80317003382790610.1136/jitc-2021-002421