biostudies-literatureSobel JSwiss National Science Foundation8800https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8062533biostudies-literatureUnknown11(1)Glucose-induced insulin secretion, a hallmark of mature β-cells, is achieved after birth and is preceded by a phase of intense proliferation. These events occurring in the neonatal period are decisive for establishing an appropriate functional β-cell mass that provides the required insulin throughout life. However, key regulators of gene expression involved in functional maturation of β-cells remain to be elucidated. Here, we addressed this issue by mapping open chromatin regions in newborn versus adult rat islets using the ATAC-seq assay. We obtained a genome-wide picture of chromatin accessible sites (~ 100,000) among which 20% were differentially accessible during maturation. An enrichment analysis of transcription factor binding sites identified a group of transcription factors that coScientific reportsScrt1, a transcriptional regulator of β-cell proliferation identified by differential chromatin accessibility during islet maturation.PMC8062533169480188447310030Jacovetti CSobel JRegazzi RMenoud VStoll LElhanani OGuay CRodriguez-Trejo AWalker MDfalseScrt1, a transcriptional regulator of β-cell proliferation identified by differential chromatin accessibility during islet maturation.Glucose-induced insulin secretion, a hallmark of mature β-cells, is achieved after birth and is preceded by a phase of intense proliferation. These events occurring in the neonatal period are decisive for establishing an appropriate functional β-cell mass that provides the required insulin throughout life. However, key regulators of gene expression involved in functional maturation of β-cells remain to be elucidated. Here, we addressed this issue by mapping open chromatin regions in newborn versus adult rat islets using the ATAC-seq assay. We obtained a genome-wide picture of chromatin accessible sites (~ 100,000) among which 20% were differentially accessible during maturation. An enrichment analysis of transcription factor binding sites identified a group of transcription factors that co2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Apr2026-05-08T06:15:52.745Z2022-02-09T16:08:27.903ZS-EPMC80625333388879110.1038/s41598-021-88003-2