biostudies-literatureJo YCenters for Disease Control and PreventionNational Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STDPrevention Epidemiologic and Economic ModelingNCHHSTP CDC HHSIntramural CDC HHSCDC HHSe3476-e3482https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8077726biostudies-literatureUnknown73(9)<h4>Background</h4>Targeted testing and treatment (TTT) for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) is a recommended strategy to accelerate TB reductions and further TB elimination in the United States. Evidence on cost-effectiveness of TTT for key populations can help advance this goal.<h4>Methods</h4>We used a model of TB transmission to estimate the numbers of individuals who could be tested by interferon-γ release assay and treated for LTBI with 3 months of self-administered rifapentine and isoniazid (3HP) under various TTT scenarios. Specifically, we considered rapidly scaling up TTT among people who are non-US-born, diabetic, living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), homeless or incarcerated in California, Florida, New York, and Texas-states where more than half of US TB caseClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of AmericaModel-based Cost-effectiveness of State-level Latent Tuberculosis Interventions in California, Florida, New York, and Texas.PMC8077726CC9999995U38PS004646U38 PS004646Hill AMarks SDowdy DAsay GJo YShrestha SGomes IfalseModel-based Cost-effectiveness of State-level Latent Tuberculosis Interventions in California, Florida, New York, and Texas.<h4>Background</h4>Targeted testing and treatment (TTT) for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) is a recommended strategy to accelerate TB reductions and further TB elimination in the United States. Evidence on cost-effectiveness of TTT for key populations can help advance this goal.<h4>Methods</h4>We used a model of TB transmission to estimate the numbers of individuals who could be tested by interferon-γ release assay and treated for LTBI with 3 months of self-administered rifapentine and isoniazid (3HP) under various TTT scenarios. Specifically, we considered rapidly scaling up TTT among people who are non-US-born, diabetic, living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), homeless or incarcerated in California, Florida, New York, and Texas-states where more than half of US TB case2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Nov2025-04-29T11:31:00.641Z2025-04-06T19:54:14.566ZS-EPMC80777263258496810.1093/cid/ciaa857