biostudies-literatureGuo HNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)1172-1185https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8093297biostudies-literatureUnknown18(5)Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) achieves superior or at least comparable clinical outcomes to HLA-matched sibling donor transplantation (MSDT) in treating hematological malignancies. To define the underlying regulatory dynamics, we analyzed time courses of leukemia burden and immune abundance of haplo-SCT or MSDT from multiple dimension. First, we employed two nonirradiated leukemia mouse models which carried human AML-ETO or MLL-AF9 fusion gene to establish haplo-identical and major histocompatibility (MHC)-matched transplantation models and investigated the immune cell dynamic response during leukemia development in vivo. We found that haplo-matching the MHCs of leukemia cells with recipient mouse T cells prolonged leukemic mice survival and reduced leukemia burden. Cellular & molecular immunologyDynamic immune profiling identifies the stronger graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects with haploidentical allografts compared to HLA-matched stem cell transplantation.PMC809329781621001Chang YJWang FRSun YQXu LPChen HWang MZhang XHTang FFHuang XJHong YGuo HWei-HanYan CHChen YHMo XDLiu KYWang YfalseDynamic immune profiling identifies the stronger graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects with haploidentical allografts compared to HLA-matched stem cell transplantation.Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) achieves superior or at least comparable clinical outcomes to HLA-matched sibling donor transplantation (MSDT) in treating hematological malignancies. To define the underlying regulatory dynamics, we analyzed time courses of leukemia burden and immune abundance of haplo-SCT or MSDT from multiple dimension. First, we employed two nonirradiated leukemia mouse models which carried human AML-ETO or MLL-AF9 fusion gene to establish haplo-identical and major histocompatibility (MHC)-matched transplantation models and investigated the immune cell dynamic response during leukemia development in vivo. We found that haplo-matching the MHCs of leukemia cells with recipient mouse T cells prolonged leukemic mice survival and reduced leukemia burden. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 May2025-04-04T10:15:49.855Z2025-04-04T10:15:49.855ZS-EPMC80932973340834410.1038/s41423-020-00597-1