biostudies-literatureCapone AUniversità degli Studi di TrentoMinistero della SaluteFondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla102492https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8138776biostudies-literatureUnknown24(5)T helper (Th) 17 cells protect from infections and are pathogenic in autoimmunity. While human Th17 cell differentiation has been defined, the global and stepwise transcriptional changes accompanying this process remain uncharacterized. Herein, by performing transcriptome analysis of human Th17 cells, we uncovered three time-regulated modules: early, involving exclusively "signaling pathways" genes; late, characterized by response to infections; and persistent, involving effector immune functions. To assign them an inflammatory or regulatory potential, we compared Th17 cells differentiated in presence or absence of interleukin (IL)-1β, respectively. Most inflammatory genes belong to the persistent module, whereas regulatory genes are lately or persistently induced. Among inflammatory genesiScienceSystems analysis of human T helper17 cell differentiation uncovers distinct time-regulated transcriptional modules.PMC8138776FISM 2017/R/24GR-2016-02361163RF-2018-12366111FISM 2016/R/31Sette CSoumelis VBianco MNaro CVolpe EBattistini LDe Bardi MNoel FCapone AMacchi PfalseSystems analysis of human T helper17 cell differentiation uncovers distinct time-regulated transcriptional modules.T helper (Th) 17 cells protect from infections and are pathogenic in autoimmunity. While human Th17 cell differentiation has been defined, the global and stepwise transcriptional changes accompanying this process remain uncharacterized. Herein, by performing transcriptome analysis of human Th17 cells, we uncovered three time-regulated modules: early, involving exclusively "signaling pathways" genes; late, characterized by response to infections; and persistent, involving effector immune functions. To assign them an inflammatory or regulatory potential, we compared Th17 cells differentiated in presence or absence of interleukin (IL)-1β, respectively. Most inflammatory genes belong to the persistent module, whereas regulatory genes are lately or persistently induced. Among inflammatory genes2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 May2026-05-09T00:39:46.302Z2025-02-19T02:15:30.31ZS-EPMC81387763403625010.1016/j.isci.2021.102492