biostudies-literatureUnknown11(5)Johansen SDA hallmark of sea anemone mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) is the presence of complex catalytic group I introns. Here, we report the complete mitogenome and corresponding transcriptome of the carpet sea anemone <i>Stichodactyla haddoni</i> (family Stichodactylidae). The mitogenome is vertebrate-like in size, organization, and gene content. Two mitochondrial genes encoding NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) are interrupted with complex group I introns, and one of the introns (ND5-717) harbors two conventional mitochondrial genes (ND1 and ND3) within its sequence. All the mitochondrial genes, including the group I introns, are expressed at the RNA level. Nonconventional and optional mitochondrial genes are present in the mitogenome of <i>S. haddoni</i>. One of these gene codes for a COI-884 intron homing endonuclease and is organized in-frame with the upstream COI exon. The insertion-like <i>orfA</i> is expressed as RNA and translocated in the mitogenome as compared with other sea anemones. Phylogenetic analyses based on complete nucleotide and derived protein sequences indicate that <i>S. haddoni</i> is embedded within the family Actiniidae, a finding that challenges current taxonomy.Life (Basel, Switzerland)402https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8146996biostudies-literatureThe Mitochondrial Genome of the Sea Anemone <i>Stichodactyla haddoni</i> Reveals Catalytic Introns, Insertion-Like Element, and Unexpected Phylogeny.PMC8146996Dubin AJohansen SDJorgensen TEChi SIfalseThe Mitochondrial Genome of the Sea Anemone <i>Stichodactyla haddoni</i> Reveals Catalytic Introns, Insertion-Like Element, and Unexpected Phylogeny.A hallmark of sea anemone mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) is the presence of complex catalytic group I introns. Here, we report the complete mitogenome and corresponding transcriptome of the carpet sea anemone <i>Stichodactyla haddoni</i> (family Stichodactylidae). The mitogenome is vertebrate-like in size, organization, and gene content. Two mitochondrial genes encoding NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) are interrupted with complex group I introns, and one of the introns (ND5-717) harbors two conventional mitochondrial genes (ND1 and ND3) within its sequence. All the mitochondrial genes, including the group I introns, are expressed at the RNA level. Nonconventional and optional mitochondrial genes are present in the mitogenome of <i>S. haddoni</i>. One of these gene codes for a COI-884 intron homing endonuclease and is organized in-frame with the upstream COI exon. The insertion-like <i>orfA</i> is expressed as RNA and translocated in the mitogenome as compared with other sea anemones. Phylogenetic analyses based on complete nucleotide and derived protein sequences indicate that <i>S. haddoni</i> is embedded within the family Actiniidae, a finding that challenges current taxonomy.2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Apr2026-04-08T08:09:08.382Z2022-02-10T15:44:44.299ZS-EPMC81469963392486610.3390/life11050402