biostudies-literatureZheng HQianjiang Talent Project of Zhejiang ProvinceNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Key Research and Development ProgramTen-thousand Talents Program of Zhejiang Province145https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8235853biostudies-literatureUnknown9(1)<h4>Background</h4>Modification of the gut microbiota has been reported to reduce the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). We hypothesized that the gut microbiota shifts might also have an effect on cognitive functions in T1D. Herein we used a non-absorbable antibiotic vancomycin to modify the gut microbiota in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice and studied the impact of microbial changes on cognitive performances in T1D mice and its potential gut-brain neural mechanism.<h4>Results</h4>We found that vancomycin exposure disrupted the gut microbiome, altered host metabolic phenotypes, and facilitated cognitive impairment in T1D mice. Long-term acetate deficiency due to depletion of acetate-producing bacteria resulted in the reduction of synaptophysin (SYP) in the hippocampus as weMicrobiomeDepletion of acetate-producing bacteria from the gut microbiota facilitates cognitive impairment through the gut-brain neural mechanism in diabetic mice.PMC8235853220741062018R5205281771386SQ2018YFE01001521974096QJD1802023Zheng YYan JXu PJi HLi CXu QJiang QNing JZhang LGao HLi XLi YZheng HZhang XSong WfalseDepletion of acetate-producing bacteria from the gut microbiota facilitates cognitive impairment through the gut-brain neural mechanism in diabetic mice.<h4>Background</h4>Modification of the gut microbiota has been reported to reduce the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). We hypothesized that the gut microbiota shifts might also have an effect on cognitive functions in T1D. Herein we used a non-absorbable antibiotic vancomycin to modify the gut microbiota in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice and studied the impact of microbial changes on cognitive performances in T1D mice and its potential gut-brain neural mechanism.<h4>Results</h4>We found that vancomycin exposure disrupted the gut microbiome, altered host metabolic phenotypes, and facilitated cognitive impairment in T1D mice. Long-term acetate deficiency due to depletion of acetate-producing bacteria resulted in the reduction of synaptophysin (SYP) in the hippocampus as we2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Jun2026-07-16T13:55:49.415Z2022-02-11T00:29:29.217ZS-EPMC82358533417209210.1186/s40168-021-01088-9