biostudies-literatureUnknown10(6)Ferrara RIn the immunotherapy era, considering the prolonged survival benefit and responses observed with immunecheckpoint inhibitors (ICI) in many cancer types, the identification of patients with rapid progression (PD) and deaths upon ICI has found some skepticism and resistance among the scientific community. Nevertheless, an acceleration of tumour during ICI, defined as hyperprogressive disease (HPD), has been recognized across different cancer types and evidence regarding rapid PDs and deaths are emerging in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and thymic malignancies and in uncommon non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) populations. Of note, PD and early deaths (ED) rates upon single agent ICI were up to 60% and 30% in MPM and 70% and 38% in SCLC patiTranslational lung cancer research2955-2969https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8264338biostudies-literatureNovel patterns of progression upon immunotherapy in other thoracic malignancies and uncommon populations.PMC8264338Garassino MCProto CSignorelli DLo Russo GFerrara RPrelaj AfalseNovel patterns of progression upon immunotherapy in other thoracic malignancies and uncommon populations.In the immunotherapy era, considering the prolonged survival benefit and responses observed with immunecheckpoint inhibitors (ICI) in many cancer types, the identification of patients with rapid progression (PD) and deaths upon ICI has found some skepticism and resistance among the scientific community. Nevertheless, an acceleration of tumour during ICI, defined as hyperprogressive disease (HPD), has been recognized across different cancer types and evidence regarding rapid PDs and deaths are emerging in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and thymic malignancies and in uncommon non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) populations. Of note, PD and early deaths (ED) rates upon single agent ICI were up to 60% and 30% in MPM and 70% and 38% in SCLC pati2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Jun2025-04-04T09:36:46.386Z2025-04-04T09:36:46.386ZS-EPMC82643383429569010.21037/tlcr-20-636