biostudies-literatureUnknown128(2)Zumajo-Cardona C<h4>Background and aims</h4>The ovule is a synapomorphy of all seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms); however, there are some striking differences in ovules among the major seed plant lineages, such as the number of integuments or the orientation of the ovule. The genetics involved in ovule development have been well studied in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, which has two integuments and anatropous orientation. This study is approached from what is known in arabidopsis, focusing on the expression patterns of homologues of four genes known to be key for the proper development of the integuments in arabidopsis: AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), BELL1, (BEL1), KANADIs (KANs) and UNICORN (UCN).<h4>Methods</h4>We used histology to describe the morphoanatomical development from ovules to seeds inAnnals of botany217-230https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8324035biostudies-literatureDeciphering the evolution of the ovule genetic network through expression analyses in Gnetum gnemon.PMC8324035Ambrose BAZumajo-Cardona CfalseDeciphering the evolution of the ovule genetic network through expression analyses in Gnetum gnemon.<h4>Background and aims</h4>The ovule is a synapomorphy of all seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms); however, there are some striking differences in ovules among the major seed plant lineages, such as the number of integuments or the orientation of the ovule. The genetics involved in ovule development have been well studied in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, which has two integuments and anatropous orientation. This study is approached from what is known in arabidopsis, focusing on the expression patterns of homologues of four genes known to be key for the proper development of the integuments in arabidopsis: AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), BELL1, (BEL1), KANADIs (KANs) and UNICORN (UCN).<h4>Methods</h4>We used histology to describe the morphoanatomical development from ovules to seeds in2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Jul2025-04-05T14:05:38.848Z2025-04-05T14:05:38.848ZS-EPMC83240353395975610.1093/aob/mcab059