biostudies-literatureDuggan CRCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilWellcome TrustBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Councile2104997118https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8403872biostudies-literatureUnknown118(34)Plants employ sensor-helper pairs of NLR immune receptors to recognize pathogen effectors and activate immune responses. Yet, the subcellular localization of NLRs pre- and postactivation during pathogen infection remains poorly understood. Here, we show that NRC4, from the "NRC" solanaceous helper NLR family, undergoes dynamic changes in subcellular localization by shuttling to and from the plant-pathogen haustorium interface established during infection by the Irish potato famine pathogen <i>Phytophthora infestans.</i> Specifically, prior to activation, NRC4 accumulates at the extrahaustorial membrane (EHM), presumably to mediate response to perihaustorial effectors that are recognized by NRC4-dependent sensor NLRs. However, not all NLRs accumulate at the EHM, as the closely related helpeProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaDynamic localization of a helper NLR at the plant-pathogen interface underpins pathogen recognition.PMC8403872BB/T006102/1104931/Z/14/ZBB/L015129/1BB/V002937/1Kamoun SDuggan CRothery SMHamilton EBozkurt TOAdachi HSavage ZWu CHNohut SMartin TRMaqbool ALeary AYMoratto ETumtas YfalseDynamic localization of a helper NLR at the plant-pathogen interface underpins pathogen recognition.Plants employ sensor-helper pairs of NLR immune receptors to recognize pathogen effectors and activate immune responses. Yet, the subcellular localization of NLRs pre- and postactivation during pathogen infection remains poorly understood. Here, we show that NRC4, from the "NRC" solanaceous helper NLR family, undergoes dynamic changes in subcellular localization by shuttling to and from the plant-pathogen haustorium interface established during infection by the Irish potato famine pathogen <i>Phytophthora infestans.</i> Specifically, prior to activation, NRC4 accumulates at the extrahaustorial membrane (EHM), presumably to mediate response to perihaustorial effectors that are recognized by NRC4-dependent sensor NLRs. However, not all NLRs accumulate at the EHM, as the closely related helpe2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Aug2025-04-05T14:05:42.951Z2025-04-05T14:05:42.951ZS-EPMC84038723441729410.1073/pnas.2104997118