biostudies-literatureLass-Florl CChristian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft (CDG)Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschafte0031120https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8404697biostudies-literatureUnknown34(4)Infections due to <i>Aspergillus</i> species are an acute threat to human health; members of the <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Fumigati</i> are the most frequently occurring agents, but depending on the local epidemiology, representatives of section <i>Terrei</i> or section <i>Flavi</i> are the second or third most important. <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> species complex is of great interest, as it is usually amphotericin B resistant and displays notable differences in immune interactions in comparison to <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>. The latest epidemiological surveys show an increased incidence of <i>A. terreus</i> as well as an expanding clinical spectrum (chronic infections) and new groups of at-risk patients being affected. Hallmarks of these non-<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> invasive mold infections are high potential for tissue invasion, dissemination, and possible morbidity due to mycotoxin production. We seek to review the microbiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of <i>A. terreus</i> species complex, address clinical characteristics, and highlight the underlying mechanisms of amphotericin B resistance. Selected topics will contrast key elements of <i>A. terreus</i> with <i>A. fumigatus</i>. We provide a comprehensive resource for clinicians dealing with fungal infections and researchers working on <i>A. terreus</i> pathogenesis, aiming to bridge the emerging translational knowledge and future therapeutic challenges on this opportunistic pathogen.Clinical microbiology reviewsAspergillus terreus Species Complex.PMC8404697CD-Laboratory for Invasive Fungal InfectionsKontoyiannis DPLass-Florl CBrock MDietl AMfalseAspergillus terreus Species Complex.Infections due to <i>Aspergillus</i> species are an acute threat to human health; members of the <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Fumigati</i> are the most frequently occurring agents, but depending on the local epidemiology, representatives of section <i>Terrei</i> or section <i>Flavi</i> are the second or third most important. <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> species complex is of great interest, as it is usually amphotericin B resistant and displays notable differences in immune interactions in comparison to <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>. The latest epidemiological surveys show an increased incidence of <i>A. terreus</i> as well as an expanding clinical spectrum (chronic infections) and new groups of at-risk patients being affected. Hallmarks of these non-<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> invasive mold infections are high potential for tissue invasion, dissemination, and possible morbidity due to mycotoxin production. We seek to review the microbiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of <i>A. terreus</i> species complex, address clinical characteristics, and highlight the underlying mechanisms of amphotericin B resistance. Selected topics will contrast key elements of <i>A. terreus</i> with <i>A. fumigatus</i>. We provide a comprehensive resource for clinicians dealing with fungal infections and researchers working on <i>A. terreus</i> pathogenesis, aiming to bridge the emerging translational knowledge and future therapeutic challenges on this opportunistic pathogen.2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Dec2025-05-29T16:11:22.104Z2025-04-22T16:33:39.354ZS-EPMC84046973419057110.1128/CMR.00311-2010.1128/cmr.00311-20