{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Lu L"],"funding":["NIDDK NIH HHS","NHLBI NIH HHS","Kaiser Foundation Research Institute","National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","Northwestern University","University of Minnesota","University of Alabama","National Institutes of Health","NIH HHS"],"pagination":["2383-2389"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8435995"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["151(8)"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Background</h4>Calcium (Ca) is an essential nutrient that may play an important role in weight maintenance through its involvement in energy or lipid metabolism. However, little is known about the long-term associations of Ca intake with obesity risk.<h4>Objectives</h4>We aimed to prospectively examine the association between cumulative Ca intake and the incidence of obesity among American young adults over 30 y of follow-up.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants were from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. A total of 4097 of 5115 black and white individuals aged 18-30 y at baseline in 1985-1986 were included in the current analysis. Dietary and supplemental Ca intake was assessed by the validated interview-based CARDIA diet history at baseline and exam years 7 and 20. Incident cases of obesity were identified when BMI was ≥30 kg/m2 for the first time since baseline. A survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the HRs and corresponding 95% CIs for obesity incidence during follow-up.<h4>Results</h4>During a 30-y follow-up (mean ± SD: 20 ± 10 y), 1675 participants developed obesity. Cumulative total Ca intake (dietary plus supplemental Ca) was inversely associated with incidence of obesity in multivariable-adjusted analysis [quintile (Q)5 (highest intake) compared with Q1 (lowest intake): HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.82; P-trend < 0.01]. This inverse association persisted among Ca supplement users (Q5 compared with Q1: HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.70; P-trend < 0.01), but was not seen among nonusers.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Following a cohort of Americans from young adulthood to midlife, an inverse association between calcium intake and obesity incidence was observed. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings."],"journal":["The Journal of nutrition"],"pubmed_title":["Calcium Intake Is Inversely Related to Risk of Obesity among American Young Adults over a 30-Year Follow-Up."],"pmcid":["PMC8435995"],"funding_grant_id":["HHSN268201800005I","R01DK116603","HHSN268201800007I","HHSN268201800006I","HHSN26820100004I","HHSN268201800003I","R01 DK116603","R01HL081572"],"pubmed_authors":["Shikany JM","Lu L","Zhu J","Chen C","Tang W","Jacobs DR","Kahe K"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Calcium Intake Is Inversely Related to Risk of Obesity among American Young Adults over a 30-Year Follow-Up.","description":"<h4>Background</h4>Calcium (Ca) is an essential nutrient that may play an important role in weight maintenance through its involvement in energy or lipid metabolism. However, little is known about the long-term associations of Ca intake with obesity risk.<h4>Objectives</h4>We aimed to prospectively examine the association between cumulative Ca intake and the incidence of obesity among American young adults over 30 y of follow-up.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants were from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. A total of 4097 of 5115 black and white individuals aged 18-30 y at baseline in 1985-1986 were included in the current analysis. Dietary and supplemental Ca intake was assessed by the validated interview-based CARDIA diet history at baseline and exam years 7 and 20. Incident cases of obesity were identified when BMI was ≥30 kg/m2 for the first time since baseline. A survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the HRs and corresponding 95% CIs for obesity incidence during follow-up.<h4>Results</h4>During a 30-y follow-up (mean ± SD: 20 ± 10 y), 1675 participants developed obesity. Cumulative total Ca intake (dietary plus supplemental Ca) was inversely associated with incidence of obesity in multivariable-adjusted analysis [quintile (Q)5 (highest intake) compared with Q1 (lowest intake): HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.82; P-trend < 0.01]. This inverse association persisted among Ca supplement users (Q5 compared with Q1: HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.70; P-trend < 0.01), but was not seen among nonusers.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Following a cohort of Americans from young adulthood to midlife, an inverse association between calcium intake and obesity incidence was observed. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.","dates":{"release":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2021 Aug","modification":"2025-04-05T14:04:45.719Z","creation":"2025-04-05T14:04:45.719Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC8435995","cross_references":{"pubmed":["33978165"],"doi":["10.1093/jn/nxab114"]}}