biostudies-literatureScholtes GKNCINIAID NIH HHSNCI NIH HHSNIAIDNIGMS NIH HHS1-15https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8440357biostudies-literatureUnknown237The 7 members of the A3 family of cytidine deaminases (A3A to A3H) share a conserved catalytic activity that converts cytidines in single-stranded (ss) DNA into uridines, thereby inducing mutations. After their initial identification as cell-intrinsic defenses against HIV and other retroviruses, A3s were also found to impair many additional viruses. Moreover, some of the A3 proteins (A3A, A3B, and A3H haplotype I) are dysregulated in cancer cells, thereby causing chromosomal mutations that can be selected to fuel progression of malignancy. Viral mechanisms that increase transcription of A3 genes or induce proteasomal degradation of A3 proteins have been characterized. However, only a few underlying biological mechanisms regulating levels of A3s in uninfected cells have been described. HereTranslational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicineThe von Hippel-Lindau Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases.PMC8440357P01 AI131346P30 CA060553T32 GM008061P30 AI117943Scholtes GKClerc ISong CSawyer AMVaca CCRoh MD'Aquila RTfalseThe von Hippel-Lindau Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases.The 7 members of the A3 family of cytidine deaminases (A3A to A3H) share a conserved catalytic activity that converts cytidines in single-stranded (ss) DNA into uridines, thereby inducing mutations. After their initial identification as cell-intrinsic defenses against HIV and other retroviruses, A3s were also found to impair many additional viruses. Moreover, some of the A3 proteins (A3A, A3B, and A3H haplotype I) are dysregulated in cancer cells, thereby causing chromosomal mutations that can be selected to fuel progression of malignancy. Viral mechanisms that increase transcription of A3 genes or induce proteasomal degradation of A3 proteins have been characterized. However, only a few underlying biological mechanisms regulating levels of A3s in uninfected cells have been described. Here2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Nov2026-06-04T03:01:16.326Z2025-06-01T00:32:31.502ZS-EPMC84403573400437110.1016/j.trsl.2021.05.002