biostudies-literatureHinman JDNational Institute for NanotechnologyCOSTLandes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlichökonomischer ExzellenzDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftUniverstätsklinikum Giessen MarburgNational Multiple Sclerosis SocietyUral Federal UniversityNINDS NIH HHSUniversity of California, Los AngelesGerman Center for Lung Research103-118https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8496370biostudies-literatureUnknown30(1)Oligodendrocytes exist in a heterogenous state and are implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric diseases including dementia. Cortical oligodendrocytes are a glial population uniquely positioned to play a key role in neurodegeneration by synchronizing circuit connectivity but molecular pathways specific to this role are lacking. We utilized oligodendrocyte-specific translating ribosome affinity purification and RNA-seq (TRAP-seq) to transcriptionally profile adult mature oligodendrocytes from different regions of the central nervous system. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals distinct region-specific gene networks. Two of these mature myelinating oligodendrocyte gene networks uniquely define cortical oligodendrocytes and differentially regulate cortical myelination (M8) and Human molecular geneticsmiR-142-3p regulates cortical oligodendrocyte gene co-expression networks associated with tauopathy.PMC8496370CRC1213PP1892DZLR01 NS082094K08 NS083740BE4443/4-1BE4443/6-1BM1201Kushner SAKim DGhanbari MBellusci SKawaguchi RChen CFogel BLCoppola GAbraham CRNgo KJHernandez IKosik KSIkram MAHinman JDGoth KfalsemiR-142-3p regulates cortical oligodendrocyte gene co-expression networks associated with tauopathy.Oligodendrocytes exist in a heterogenous state and are implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric diseases including dementia. Cortical oligodendrocytes are a glial population uniquely positioned to play a key role in neurodegeneration by synchronizing circuit connectivity but molecular pathways specific to this role are lacking. We utilized oligodendrocyte-specific translating ribosome affinity purification and RNA-seq (TRAP-seq) to transcriptionally profile adult mature oligodendrocytes from different regions of the central nervous system. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals distinct region-specific gene networks. Two of these mature myelinating oligodendrocyte gene networks uniquely define cortical oligodendrocytes and differentially regulate cortical myelination (M8) and 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Mar2025-04-05T14:05:39.557Z2025-04-05T14:05:39.557ZS-EPMC84963703355531510.1093/hmg/ddaa252