biostudies-literatureYu YNational Natural Science Foundation of China1907-1922https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8525958biostudies-literatureUnknown20(18)Background Ketamine-related cystitis (KC) has been researched in many clinical studies, but its exact mechanism is ambiguous and needs further research. Methods We established a KC rat model and analyzed physiological, biochemical, and urodynamic parameters of ketamine (KET)-related bladder injury. Bladder histologic feature, reactive oxygen species (ROS), autophagy-, apoptosis-, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related markers were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining, ROS kit, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot. <i>In vitro</i>, effects of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM KET on cell vitality, apoptosis, ROS level, autophagy-, apoptosis-, and ERS-related markers were examined again. Effects of KET-1 and salubrinal on complex formation, autoCell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)Ketamine enhances autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats and SV-HUC-1 cells via activating IRE1-TRAF2-ASK1-JNK pathway.PMC8525958Grant Number 81970659Grant Number 81700664Li YQiao HShan ZWu DYu YfalseKetamine enhances autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats and SV-HUC-1 cells via activating IRE1-TRAF2-ASK1-JNK pathway.Background Ketamine-related cystitis (KC) has been researched in many clinical studies, but its exact mechanism is ambiguous and needs further research. Methods We established a KC rat model and analyzed physiological, biochemical, and urodynamic parameters of ketamine (KET)-related bladder injury. Bladder histologic feature, reactive oxygen species (ROS), autophagy-, apoptosis-, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related markers were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining, ROS kit, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot. <i>In vitro</i>, effects of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM KET on cell vitality, apoptosis, ROS level, autophagy-, apoptosis-, and ERS-related markers were examined again. Effects of KET-1 and salubrinal on complex formation, auto2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Sep2025-04-05T14:05:18.799Z2025-04-05T14:05:18.799ZS-EPMC85259583442754610.1080/15384101.2021.1966199