biostudies-literatureUnknown8Bichon A<b>Background:</b> Adult hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is highly lethal in the ICU. The diagnostic and therapeutic emergency that HLH represents is compounded by its unknown pathophysiological mechanisms. Here, we report on a large cohort of adult HLH in the ICU (ICU-HLH). We analyzed prognostic factors associated with mortality to define the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in this specific population. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective study included adult patients diagnosed with HLH in four ICUs in Marseille, France between 2010 and 2020. Patients who fulfilled the HLH-2004 criteria (≥ 4/8) and/or had an HScore ≥ 169 were diagnosed with HLH. HLH was categorized into four groups according to etiology: sepsis-associated HLH, intracellular infection-associated HLH, malignanFrontiers in medicine735796https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8526960biostudies-literatureHigh Mortality of HLH in ICU Regardless Etiology or Treatment.PMC8526960Bourenne JBichon AKaplanski GGainnier MHraiech SCarvelli JGuervilly CPauly VAllardet-Servent JPapazian LMokart DfalseHigh Mortality of HLH in ICU Regardless Etiology or Treatment.<b>Background:</b> Adult hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is highly lethal in the ICU. The diagnostic and therapeutic emergency that HLH represents is compounded by its unknown pathophysiological mechanisms. Here, we report on a large cohort of adult HLH in the ICU (ICU-HLH). We analyzed prognostic factors associated with mortality to define the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in this specific population. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective study included adult patients diagnosed with HLH in four ICUs in Marseille, France between 2010 and 2020. Patients who fulfilled the HLH-2004 criteria (≥ 4/8) and/or had an HScore ≥ 169 were diagnosed with HLH. HLH was categorized into four groups according to etiology: sepsis-associated HLH, intracellular infection-associated HLH, malignan2021-01-01T00:00:00Z20212026-07-16T15:59:09.683Z2025-04-04T19:44:36.048ZS-EPMC85269603469272710.3389/fmed.2021.735796