biostudies-literatureBeghi EWorld Health Organization2265-2274https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8528941biostudies-literatureUnknown269(5)Acute and post-acute neurological symptoms, signs and diagnoses have been documented in an increasing number of patients infected by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this review, we aimed to summarize the current literature addressing neurological events following SARS-CoV-2 infection, discuss limitations in the existing literature and suggest future directions that would strengthen our understanding of the neurological sequelae of COVID-19. The presence of neurological manifestations (symptoms, signs or diagnoses) both at the onset or during SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a more severe disease, as demonstrated by a longer hospital stay, higher in-hospital death rate or the continued presence of Journal of neurologyAcute and post-acute neurological manifestations of COVID-19: present findings, critical appraisal, and future directions.PMC8528941001Frontera JWestenberg EKivipelto MPrasad KGarcia-Azorin DMangialasche FMukaetova-Ladinska EBAllegri RChowdhary NWinkler ASBeghi EGuekht AGiussani GfalseAcute and post-acute neurological manifestations of COVID-19: present findings, critical appraisal, and future directions.Acute and post-acute neurological symptoms, signs and diagnoses have been documented in an increasing number of patients infected by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this review, we aimed to summarize the current literature addressing neurological events following SARS-CoV-2 infection, discuss limitations in the existing literature and suggest future directions that would strengthen our understanding of the neurological sequelae of COVID-19. The presence of neurological manifestations (symptoms, signs or diagnoses) both at the onset or during SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a more severe disease, as demonstrated by a longer hospital stay, higher in-hospital death rate or the continued presence of 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 May2025-05-18T12:29:45.207Z2025-05-18T12:29:45.207ZS-EPMC85289413467400510.1007/s00415-021-10848-4