{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["12"],"submitter":["Tiburcio R"],"pubmed_abstract":["Most persons living with HIV (PLWH) experience a significant restoration of their immunity associated with successful inhibition of viral replication after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Nevertheless, with the robust quantitative and qualitative restoration of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, a fraction of patients co-infected with tuberculosis develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS), a dysregulated inflammatory response that can be associated with significant tissue damage. Several studies underscored the role of adaptive immune cells in IRIS pathogenesis, but to what degree T lymphocyte activation contributes to TB-IRIS development remains largely elusive. Here, we sought to dissect the phenotypic landscape of T lymphocyte activation in PLWH coinfected with TB inititating ART, focusing on characterization of the profiles linked to development of TB-IRIS. We confirmed previous observations demonstrating that TB-IRIS individuals display pronounced CD4+ lymphopenia prior to ART initiation. Additionally, we found an ART-induced increase in T lymphocyte activation, proliferation and cytotoxicity among TB-IRIS patients. Importantly, we demonstrate that TB-IRIS subjects display higher frequencies of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes which is not affected by ART. Moreover, These patients exhibit higher levels of activated (HLA-DR+) and profilerative (Ki-67+) CD4+ T cells after ART commencenment than their Non-IRIS counterparts. Our network analysis reveal significant negative correlations between Total CD4+ T cells counts and the frequencies of Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in our study population which could suggest the existance of compensatory mechanisms for Mtb-infected cells elimination in the face of severe CD4+ T cell lymphopenia. We also investigated the correlation between T lymphocyte activation profiles and the abundance of several inflammatory molecules in plasma. We applied unsupervised machine learning techniques to predict and diagnose TB-IRIS before and during ART. Our analyses suggest that CD4+ T cell activation markers are good TB-IRIS predictors, whereas the combination of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells markers are better at diagnosing TB-IRIS patients during IRIS events Overall, our findings contribute to a more refined understanding of immunological mechanisms in TB-IRIS pathogenesis that may assist in new diagnostic tools and more targeted patient management."],"journal":["Frontiers in immunology"],"pagination":["757843"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8529328"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["Dynamics of T-Lymphocyte Activation Related to Paradoxical Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Persons With Advanced HIV."],"pmcid":["PMC8529328"],"pubmed_authors":["Naredren G","Anbalagan S","Swaminathan S","Subramani R","Andrade BB","Sereti I","Sher A","Antonelli LRV","Queiroz ATL","Tiburcio R","Satagopan K","Ravichandran N","Nayak K","Anbalagan K","Barreto-Duarte B","Porter BO"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Dynamics of T-Lymphocyte Activation Related to Paradoxical Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Persons With Advanced HIV.","description":"Most persons living with HIV (PLWH) experience a significant restoration of their immunity associated with successful inhibition of viral replication after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Nevertheless, with the robust quantitative and qualitative restoration of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, a fraction of patients co-infected with tuberculosis develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS), a dysregulated inflammatory response that can be associated with significant tissue damage. Several studies underscored the role of adaptive immune cells in IRIS pathogenesis, but to what degree T lymphocyte activation contributes to TB-IRIS development remains largely elusive. Here, we sought to dissect the phenotypic landscape of T lymphocyte activation in PLWH coinfected with TB inititating ART, focusing on characterization of the profiles linked to development of TB-IRIS. We confirmed previous observations demonstrating that TB-IRIS individuals display pronounced CD4+ lymphopenia prior to ART initiation. Additionally, we found an ART-induced increase in T lymphocyte activation, proliferation and cytotoxicity among TB-IRIS patients. Importantly, we demonstrate that TB-IRIS subjects display higher frequencies of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes which is not affected by ART. Moreover, These patients exhibit higher levels of activated (HLA-DR+) and profilerative (Ki-67+) CD4+ T cells after ART commencenment than their Non-IRIS counterparts. Our network analysis reveal significant negative correlations between Total CD4+ T cells counts and the frequencies of Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in our study population which could suggest the existance of compensatory mechanisms for Mtb-infected cells elimination in the face of severe CD4+ T cell lymphopenia. We also investigated the correlation between T lymphocyte activation profiles and the abundance of several inflammatory molecules in plasma. We applied unsupervised machine learning techniques to predict and diagnose TB-IRIS before and during ART. Our analyses suggest that CD4+ T cell activation markers are good TB-IRIS predictors, whereas the combination of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells markers are better at diagnosing TB-IRIS patients during IRIS events Overall, our findings contribute to a more refined understanding of immunological mechanisms in TB-IRIS pathogenesis that may assist in new diagnostic tools and more targeted patient management.","dates":{"release":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2021","modification":"2026-05-09T03:43:44.883Z","creation":"2025-02-19T01:44:20.18Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC8529328","cross_references":{"pubmed":["34691079"],"doi":["10.3389/fimmu.2021.757843"]}}