{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["219(1)"],"submitter":["Castelein S"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Background</h4>Recovery in schizophrenia is a complex process, involving clinical, societal and personal recovery. Until now, studies analysed these domains separately, without examining their mutual relations and changes over time.<h4>Aims</h4>This study aimed to examine different states of recovery and transition rates between states.<h4>Method</h4>The Pharmacotherapy Monitoring and Outcome Survey (2006-2017) yearly assesses patients with schizophrenia in the Northern Netherlands. Data from 2327 patients with one up to 11 yearly measurements on clinical, societal and personal recovery were jointly analysed with a mixture latent Markov model (MLMM).<h4>Results</h4>The selected MLMM had four states that differed in degree and pattern of recovery outcomes. Patients in state 1 were least recovered on any domain (16% of measurements), and partly recovered in states 2 (25%; featured by negative symptoms) and 3 (21%; featured by positive symptoms). Patients in state 4 (38%) were most recovered, except for work, study and housekeeping. At the subsequent measurement, the probability of remaining in the same state was 77-89%, transitioning to a better state was 4-12% and transitioning to a worse state was 4-6%; no transitions occurred between states 1 and 4. Female gender, shorter illness duration and less schizophrenia were more prevalent in better states.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Quite a high recovery rate was present among a substantial part of the measurements (38%, state 4), with a high probability (89%) of remaining in this state. Transition rates in the other states might increase to a more favourable state by focusing on adequate treatment of negative and positive symptoms and societal problems."],"journal":["The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science"],"pagination":["401-408"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8529640"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["Clinical, societal and personal recovery in schizophrenia spectrum disorders across time: states and annual transitions."],"pmcid":["PMC8529640"],"pubmed_authors":["Castelein S","Timmerman ME","van der Gaag M","Visser E","PHAMOUS investigators","Jorg F","Bartels-Velthuis AA","Wunderink A","Arends J","Knegtering H","Veling W","Bruggeman R","Pijnenborg GHM"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Clinical, societal and personal recovery in schizophrenia spectrum disorders across time: states and annual transitions.","description":"<h4>Background</h4>Recovery in schizophrenia is a complex process, involving clinical, societal and personal recovery. Until now, studies analysed these domains separately, without examining their mutual relations and changes over time.<h4>Aims</h4>This study aimed to examine different states of recovery and transition rates between states.<h4>Method</h4>The Pharmacotherapy Monitoring and Outcome Survey (2006-2017) yearly assesses patients with schizophrenia in the Northern Netherlands. Data from 2327 patients with one up to 11 yearly measurements on clinical, societal and personal recovery were jointly analysed with a mixture latent Markov model (MLMM).<h4>Results</h4>The selected MLMM had four states that differed in degree and pattern of recovery outcomes. Patients in state 1 were least recovered on any domain (16% of measurements), and partly recovered in states 2 (25%; featured by negative symptoms) and 3 (21%; featured by positive symptoms). Patients in state 4 (38%) were most recovered, except for work, study and housekeeping. At the subsequent measurement, the probability of remaining in the same state was 77-89%, transitioning to a better state was 4-12% and transitioning to a worse state was 4-6%; no transitions occurred between states 1 and 4. Female gender, shorter illness duration and less schizophrenia were more prevalent in better states.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Quite a high recovery rate was present among a substantial part of the measurements (38%, state 4), with a high probability (89%) of remaining in this state. Transition rates in the other states might increase to a more favourable state by focusing on adequate treatment of negative and positive symptoms and societal problems.","dates":{"release":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2021 Jul","modification":"2025-04-04T13:51:00.431Z","creation":"2025-04-04T13:51:00.431Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC8529640","cross_references":{"pubmed":["35048855"],"doi":["10.1192/bjp.2021.48"]}}