biostudies-literatureUnknown12Shiga T<h4>Background</h4>Interleukin (IL)-18 is markedly elevated in systemic inflammatory diseases that cause the 'cytokine storm' such as adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The differences in IL-18 between AOSD and HLH, especially in adults, is uncertain. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a form of secondary HLH, is often difficult to differentiate cases of AOSD that include MAS from other secondary HLH. In this case-control study, we investigated whether serum IL-18 levels could be a useful biomarker for the differential diagnosis of AOSD with or without MAS (AOSD group) and other secondary HLH in adults (adult HLH group).<h4>Patients and methods</h4>We enrolled 46 patients diagnosed with AOSD including 9 patients with MAS and 31 patients in tFrontiers in immunology750114https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8533049biostudies-literatureUsefulness of Interleukin-18 as a Diagnostic Biomarker to Differentiate Adult-Onset Still's Disease With/Without Macrophage Activation Syndrome From Other Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Adults.PMC8533049Kinoshita KMatsumura IKishimoto KShiga TNozaki YHirooka YFunauchi MTomita DfalseUsefulness of Interleukin-18 as a Diagnostic Biomarker to Differentiate Adult-Onset Still's Disease With/Without Macrophage Activation Syndrome From Other Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Adults.<h4>Background</h4>Interleukin (IL)-18 is markedly elevated in systemic inflammatory diseases that cause the 'cytokine storm' such as adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The differences in IL-18 between AOSD and HLH, especially in adults, is uncertain. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a form of secondary HLH, is often difficult to differentiate cases of AOSD that include MAS from other secondary HLH. In this case-control study, we investigated whether serum IL-18 levels could be a useful biomarker for the differential diagnosis of AOSD with or without MAS (AOSD group) and other secondary HLH in adults (adult HLH group).<h4>Patients and methods</h4>We enrolled 46 patients diagnosed with AOSD including 9 patients with MAS and 31 patients in t2021-01-01T00:00:00Z20212025-04-04T13:17:01.604Z2025-04-04T13:17:01.604ZS-EPMC85330493469106410.3389/fimmu.2021.750114