biostudies-literatureUnknown16(10)Zenu S<h4>Background</h4>Antiretroviral therapy has dramatically reduced Human Immunodeficiency Virus related morbidity and mortality. It has also transformed HIV infection into a manageable chronic condition. However, first-line antiretroviral treatment failure continues to grow especially in resource limited settings. Despite this, determinants of first-line antiretroviral treatment failure are not well studied in Ethiopia.<h4>Objective</h4>To identify determinants of first-line antiretroviral treatment failure among adult patients on antiretroviral therapy in Mettu Karl Specialized Hospital, South West Ethiopia, in 2020.<h4>Methods</h4>A hospital based case-control study was conducted from October to November 2020. Simple random sampling technique was used to select participants. Interviewer PloS onee0258930https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8535443biostudies-literatureDeterminants of first-line antiretroviral treatment failure among adult patients on treatment in Mettu Karl Specialized Hospital, South West Ethiopia; a case control study.PMC8535443Abebe EZenu SReshad MTesema TfalseDeterminants of first-line antiretroviral treatment failure among adult patients on treatment in Mettu Karl Specialized Hospital, South West Ethiopia; a case control study.<h4>Background</h4>Antiretroviral therapy has dramatically reduced Human Immunodeficiency Virus related morbidity and mortality. It has also transformed HIV infection into a manageable chronic condition. However, first-line antiretroviral treatment failure continues to grow especially in resource limited settings. Despite this, determinants of first-line antiretroviral treatment failure are not well studied in Ethiopia.<h4>Objective</h4>To identify determinants of first-line antiretroviral treatment failure among adult patients on antiretroviral therapy in Mettu Karl Specialized Hospital, South West Ethiopia, in 2020.<h4>Methods</h4>A hospital based case-control study was conducted from October to November 2020. Simple random sampling technique was used to select participants. Interviewer 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z20212025-04-26T02:53:31.393Z2025-04-06T10:33:51.38ZS-EPMC85354433467908510.1371/journal.pone.0258930