{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Hribar M"],"funding":["Slovenian Research Agency","European Food Safety Authority"],"pagination":["3528"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC8537619"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["13(10)"],"pubmed_abstract":["Vitamin D is involved in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and is vital for numerous bodily functions. In the absence of sufficient UV-B light-induced skin biosynthesis, dietary intake becomes the most important source of vitamin D. In the absence of biosynthesis, the recommended dietary vitamin D intake is 10-20 µg/day. Major contributors to dietary vitamin D intake are the few foods naturally containing vitamin D (i.e., fish), enriched foods, and supplements. The present study aimed to estimate the vitamin D intake in Slovenia, to identify food groups that notably contribute to vitamin D intake, and to predict the effects of hypothetical mandatory milk fortification. This study was conducted using data collected by the national cross-sectional food consumption survey (SI.Menu) in adolescents (n = 468; 10-17 years), adults (n = 364; 18-64 years), and the elderly (n = 416; 65-74 years). Data collection was carried out between March 2017 and April 2018 using the EU Menu Methodology, which included two 24-h recalls, and a food propensity questionnaire. Very low vitamin D intakes were found; many did not even meet the threshold for very low vitamin D intake (2.5 µg/day). Mean daily vitamin D intake was 2.7, 2.9, and 2.5 µg in adolescents, adults, and the elderly, respectively. Daily energy intake was found to be a significant predictor of vitamin D intake in all population groups. In adolescents and adults, sex was also found to be a significant predictor, with higher vitamin D intake in males. The study results explained the previously reported high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovenia. An efficient policy approach is required to address the risk of vitamin D deficiency, particularly in vulnerable populations."],"journal":["Nutrients"],"pubmed_title":["Vitamin D Intake in Slovenian Adolescents, Adults, and the Elderly Population."],"pmcid":["PMC8537619"],"funding_grant_id":["P3-0395","L7-1849","OC/EFSA/DATA/2014/02-LOT2-CT03"],"pubmed_authors":["Gregoric M","Hristov H","Lavrisa Z","Korousic Seljak B","Hribar M","Blaznik U","Pravst I","Zmitek K"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Vitamin D Intake in Slovenian Adolescents, Adults, and the Elderly Population.","description":"Vitamin D is involved in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and is vital for numerous bodily functions. In the absence of sufficient UV-B light-induced skin biosynthesis, dietary intake becomes the most important source of vitamin D. In the absence of biosynthesis, the recommended dietary vitamin D intake is 10-20 µg/day. Major contributors to dietary vitamin D intake are the few foods naturally containing vitamin D (i.e., fish), enriched foods, and supplements. The present study aimed to estimate the vitamin D intake in Slovenia, to identify food groups that notably contribute to vitamin D intake, and to predict the effects of hypothetical mandatory milk fortification. This study was conducted using data collected by the national cross-sectional food consumption survey (SI.Menu) in adolescents (n = 468; 10-17 years), adults (n = 364; 18-64 years), and the elderly (n = 416; 65-74 years). Data collection was carried out between March 2017 and April 2018 using the EU Menu Methodology, which included two 24-h recalls, and a food propensity questionnaire. Very low vitamin D intakes were found; many did not even meet the threshold for very low vitamin D intake (2.5 µg/day). Mean daily vitamin D intake was 2.7, 2.9, and 2.5 µg in adolescents, adults, and the elderly, respectively. Daily energy intake was found to be a significant predictor of vitamin D intake in all population groups. In adolescents and adults, sex was also found to be a significant predictor, with higher vitamin D intake in males. The study results explained the previously reported high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovenia. An efficient policy approach is required to address the risk of vitamin D deficiency, particularly in vulnerable populations.","dates":{"release":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2021 Oct","modification":"2025-04-04T09:18:32.974Z","creation":"2025-04-04T09:18:32.974Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC8537619","cross_references":{"pubmed":["34684529"],"doi":["10.3390/nu13103528"]}}